{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:32:09Z","timestamp":1787740329449,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine brucellosis, caused by <jats:italic>Brucella suis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic>), is a notifiable disease causing significant economic losses in production systems. Most infected pigs may act as carriers and shed <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> even if asymptomatic. This can contribute to environmental persistence, thus hindering control efforts. Here, the environment and the offspring were investigated during and after a <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> outbreak at a sow breeding farm. The diagnosis of <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> in sows (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1,140) was performed by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from vaginal swabs, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) from sera, and brucellin skin test (BST). <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> diagnosis in post-weaning pigs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 899) was performed by I-ELISA in sera and BST. The environmental surveillance programme was implemented by placing gauze sponges (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 175) pre-hydrated in a surfactant and inactivating liquid for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> DNA detection by PCR in different farm areas. Our results showed that the offspring of infected sows reacted to <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> techniques for <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, the offspring born during the outbreak displayed higher seropositivity (I-ELISA) and reactivity (BST) than those pigs born after. <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> DNA was detected in pregnant sow areas, boxes, boots, and post-weaning pig areas. In addition, <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> DNA environmental detection was higher during the <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> outbreak than the post <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic> outbreak. The environmental approach has proven to be a simple, practical, valuable, and safe method to detect and monitor <jats:italic>B. suis<\/jats:italic>. These results suggest a role of the environment and the offspring that should be considered in porcine brucellosis surveillance and control programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.915692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T06:59:03Z","timestamp":1655794743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Environment and Offspring Surveillance in Porcine Brucellosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Rebollada-Merino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"P\u00e9rez-Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Bertos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Seco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals","year":"2018"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4889","article-title":"Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the animal health law [regulation (EU) No 2016\/429]: infection with Brucella abortus, B","volume":"15","author":"More","year":"2017","journal-title":"melitensis and B. suis. 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