{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:07:32Z","timestamp":1767665252238,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acquired midline palate defects (PDE) affect the hard palate and\/or soft palate, and result from trauma, commonly falling from a height or being hit by a motor vehicle. Additional life-threating injuries and costs associated with the treatment may delay the surgical treatment. This retrospective study describes signalment, cause, and extent of the PDE, and treatment in 25 cats. In addition, the outcome of the surgical repair is described in 19 (76%) cats. All defects were repaired within 5 days of the injury. Twenty (80%) cats were 4 years of age or younger. The most common rostral extent of the PDE was to the level of the third premolar tooth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8; 32%), incisor teeth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7; 28%), and fourth premolar tooth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5; 20%). The soft palate laceration was present in all cases. Surgical therapy was successful in all cases with follow-up. The most common techniques used for the closure of the hard palate defect were bilateral pedicle flaps with lateral releasing incisions (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8; 32%), direct apposition of the oral mucosa (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7; 28%), bilateral pedicle flaps with lateral releasing incisions and interquadrant splinting (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5; 20%), and unilateral pedicle flap with one lateral releasing incision (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4; 16%). A tension-free closure by direct apposition of the edges was possible for the soft palate laceration. No oronasal fistulae were identified at follow-up. The only complication was malocclusion. The interquadrant splinting was most often used for PDE extending to the rostral portion of the hard palate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The cats that suffered postoperative malocclusion were significantly more likely to have sustained temporomandibular joint injury, underwent CT scan, or had a feeding tube placed before discharge. The results of this retrospective study indicate that the early treatment (within 5 days) of the acquired longitudinal defects in the midline of the hard and soft palates is highly successful.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.922047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T08:44:50Z","timestamp":1656924290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Surgical Treatment and Outcome of Acquired Midline Palate Defects in Cats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Castej\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darko","family":"Stefanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/089875641202900103","article-title":"Orofacial manifestations of high-rise syndrome in cats: a retrospective study of 84 cats","volume":"29","author":"Bonner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Dent."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18776149","article-title":"Location and distribution of craniomaxillofacial fractures in 45 cats presented for the treatment of head trauma","volume":"21","author":"Tundo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18819183","article-title":"Feline head trauma: a CT analysis of skull fractures and their management in 75 cats","volume":"21","author":"Knight","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00242","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs-Part II: association between fracture location, morphology and etiology","volume":"7","author":"De Paolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.22233\/9781905319602.9","article-title":"Management of dental and oral trauma","volume-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry and Oral Surgery, 4th ed.","author":"Reiter","year":"2018"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"1399","article-title":"High-rise syndrome in cats","volume":"191","author":"Whitney","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.02.010","article-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","volume":"43","author":"Zacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7675-6.00050-4","article-title":"Acquired palatal defects","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats, 2nd Edn","author":"Peralta","year":"2020"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01295.x","article-title":"Prevalence and nature of dentoalveolar injuries among patients with maxillofacial fractures","volume":"54","author":"Soukup","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00241","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in dogs-part I: fracture location, morphology and etiology","volume":"7","author":"De Paolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4618-6.00037-3","article-title":"Repair of acquired palatal defects","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats, 1st Edn","author":"Marretta","year":"2012"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.11.1445","article-title":"Outcomes of surgical repair of congenital palatal defects in dogs","volume":"253","author":"Peralta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"227","article-title":"Healing of experimental midline osteotomies in the rat palate","volume":"12","author":"Kahnberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Swed Dent J."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2007.03.005","article-title":"Use of local and axial pattern flaps for reconstruction of the hard and soft palate","volume":"22","author":"Sivacolundhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-7675-6.00046-2","article-title":"Fractures and luxations involving the temporomandibular joint","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats, 2nd Edn","author":"Arzi","year":"2020"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/02844319950159415","article-title":"The healing process of palatal tissues after operations with and without denudation of bone: an experimental study in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Leenstra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(87)80018-5","article-title":"Wound healing of palatal mucoperiosteum in beagle dogs after surgery at different ages","volume":"15","author":"Wijdeveld","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cranio Max Fac Surg."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(91)90033-Q","article-title":"A histological study of tissue response to simulated cleft palate surgery at different ages in beagle dogs","volume":"36","author":"Wijdeveld","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13035","article-title":"Healing kinetics of oral soft tissue wounds treated with recombinant epidermal growth factor: translation from a canine model","volume":"46","author":"Ben Amara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90398-J","article-title":"Wound healing and wound contraction after palatal surgery and implantation of poly-(L-Lactic) acid membranes in beagle dogs","volume":"50","author":"De Braekt","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofacial Surg."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6807678","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6807678","article-title":"Effect of dissection and reconstruction of palatal muscles on morphological features and ultrastructure of the oral musculature in cats","volume":"2016","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.922047\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T08:45:00Z","timestamp":1656924300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.922047\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2022.922047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.922047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-1769"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"article-number":"922047"}}