{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T17:44:57Z","timestamp":1786297497112,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the effects of <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> injection of methionine (Met) and\/or disaccharide (DS) on breast muscle and small intestine development, and the aspect of the glycogen contents, digestive enzymes activities, and jejunal antioxidant parameters in geese after incubation. A total of 600 fertilized eggs were used in this study to be employed in a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial experiment. Eggs were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 6 replicates per group, and 25 eggs per replicate. Factors in four groups included non-injection, Met injection (5 g\/L Met dissolved in 7.5 g\/L NaCl), DS injection (25 g\/L maltose and 25 g\/L sucrose dissolved in 7.5 g\/L NaCl), and DS plus Met injection (25 g\/L maltose, 25 g\/L sucrose, and 5 g\/L Met dissolved in 7.5 g\/L NaCl). As a result, birth weight, relative weight of breast muscle, diameter of myofiber, glycogen contents, jejunal villus and surface area, and jejunal digestive enzymes activities improved, while liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity decreased, by DS injection. Additionally, DS administration upregulated the expression of myogenic factor-5 (Myf-5) from breast muscle and sodium\/glucose cotransporter protein-1 (SGLT-1) from jejunum. <jats:italic>In ovo<\/jats:italic> delivery of DS has long-term effects on the improvement of jejunal glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) and sucrase-isomaltase expression. <jats:italic>In ovo<\/jats:italic> feeding of Met improved the relative weight of breast muscle and small intestine, diameter of myofiber, length of small intestine, jejunal villus width, jejunal sucrase, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and jejunal glutathione (GSH) concentration, and decreased the jejunal glutathione disulfide (GSSH) and the ratio of GSSG to GSH, in early-life post-hatching. The breast muscle Myf-5 and myostatin expression, jejunal villus height and surface area, jejunal glutathione peroxidase concentration, and the expression of GLUT-2 in jejunum long-term improved by <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> delivery of Met. Moreover, <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> feeding of DS plus Met mixture synergistically improved the diameter of myofiber, jejunal villus height and width, jejunal sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in early-life post-hatching, but long-term upregulated the expression of jejunal GLUT-2. Therefore, we concluded that <jats:italic>in ovo<\/jats:italic> injection of Met plus DS is an effective way to improve the development of gosling during post-hatching stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.944063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T07:37:15Z","timestamp":1661153835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of in ovo feeding of methionine and\/or disaccharide on post-hatching breast development, glycogen reserves, nutrients absorption parameters, and jejunum antioxidant indices in geese"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"De Xin","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01080","article-title":"Effect of in ovo feeding and its interaction with timing of first feed on glycogen reserves, muscle growth, and body weight","volume":"90","author":"Kornasio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R864","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00117.2019","article-title":"Delayed 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