{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:27:18Z","timestamp":1777418838588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) interact with the microbes and host immune system to protect against diseases. Fertile broiler eggs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 900) were allotted to six groups: un-injected control, sham (sterile water), AgNPs (50 \u03bcg), AgNPs+Amino acids (Methionine-10 mg + Arginine-25 mg), AgNPs+Vitamins (Vit B1-72\u03bcg + Vit B6-140\u03bcg), and AgNPs+Trace Elements (Zn-80 \u03bcg and Se-0.3 \u03bcg) and incubated for 18 days. On 18th embryonic day, 0.6 ml test solution was injected at the broad end of egg using 25 mm needle and transferred to hatcher. Post-hatch, half of the chicks from each group were vaccinated with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine, and the other half were kept as unvaccinated unit and reared for 42 d with standard management practices. Hatchability, 1st and 42nd d body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were similar between treatment groups in both vaccinated and unvaccinated units. The relative weight of bursa Fabricius and thymus was similar, but spleen weight was higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264 0.05) in AgNPs, AgNPs+Vits, and AgNPs+TEs chicks than control group. Cellular immune response (against mitogen phytohemagglutinin-P) was higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264 0.05) in AgNPs+TEs chicks, whereas HA titer against sheep red blood cells antigen, serum IgG, IgM, and HI titer against ND vaccine was apparently higher in AgNPs+Vits group chicks than control. No clinical symptoms were observed in the vaccinated groups except for a few control birds 6 days postchallenge (PC). Three days PC, unvaccinated birds show depression, off feed, greenish diarrhea, and nasal discharge and the control group started dying. The highest cumulative infection (CI) was observed in sham (79.17%) and un-injected control (75%), but lowest in AgNPs+AAs birds (58.33%) on 3rd dpi. The CI reached 100% on 5th dpi in control groups and AgNPs, and 91.67% and 93.75% in AgNPs+TEs and AgNPs+AAs group, respectively. The AgNPs+TEs and AgNPs+AAs group birds lived for more than 90 h compared to 75 h in control groups and also had higher IL-6 and IL-2 gene expressions at 24 h PC. It was concluded that 50 \u03bcg\/egg AgNPs with vitamins (B1 and B6) and trace elements (Zn and Se) improved performance, but AgNPs with trace elements and amino acids enhanced immune response and resistance against vND virus challenge in broilers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.948069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T10:09:53Z","timestamp":1663322993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["In ovo nano-silver and nutrient supplementation improves immunity and resistance against Newcastle disease virus challenge in broiler chickens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Subrat Kumar","family":"Bhanja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeepta Kumar","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akshat","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sujoy K.","family":"Dhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinod K.","family":"Paswan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youssef A.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulmohsen Hussen","family":"Alqhtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed B. A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelrazeq M.","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660120048384","article-title":"Responses to heat stress in commercial and local broiler stocks","volume":"42","author":"Yal\u00e7in","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/81.10.1454","article-title":"Genotype-by-environment interaction with broiler genotypes differing in growth rate. 4 Association between responses to heat stress and to cold-induced ascites","volume":"81","author":"Deeb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890802526894","article-title":"Effects of stress, mimicked by administration of corticosterone in drinking water, on the expression of chicken cytokine and chemokine genes in lymphocytes","volume":"12","author":"Shini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stress."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.10312","article-title":"Evaluation of growth, carcass, immune response and stress parameters in naked neck chicken and their normal siblings under tropical winter and summer temperatures","volume":"24","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01023","article-title":"Effect of heating and aging of poultry litter on the persistence of enteric bacteria","volume":"90","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.102915","article-title":"Nutritional manipulation to combat heat stress in poultry \u2013 a comprehensive review","volume":"98","author":"Abdel-Moneim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Therm Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122407","article-title":"Modulation of heat-shock proteins mediates chicken cell survival against thermal stress","volume":"10","author":"Shehata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"208","article-title":"Nanoparticles of silver do not affect growth, development and DNA oxidative damage in chicken embryos","volume":"73","author":"Sawosz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch f\u00fcr Gefl\u00fcgelkd."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.09.046","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Spirulina platensis extracts and biogenic selenium nanoparticles against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi","volume":"29","author":"Abdel-Moneim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2022.103195","article-title":"Spirulina platensis and biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles improve performance, antioxidant status, humoral immunity and dietary and ileal microbial populations of heat-stressed broilers","volume":"104","author":"Abdel-Moneim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Therm Biol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02662-w","article-title":"Synergistic effect of Spirulina platensis and selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, serum metabolites, immune responses, and antioxidant capacity of heat-stressed broiler chickens","volume":"200","author":"Abdel-Moneim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S319708","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of silver nanoparticles against experimentally induced necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens","volume":"16","author":"Salem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83753-5","article-title":"Dietary supplementation of silver-silica nanoparticles promotes histological, immunological, ultrastructural, and performance parameters of broiler chickens","volume":"11","author":"Dosoky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.157","article-title":"Oral administration of silver nanoparticles\u2013adorned starch as a growth promotor in poultry: Immunological and histopathological study","volume":"187","author":"Fouda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9484","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16059484","article-title":"In ovo administration of silver nanoparticles and\/or amino acids influence metabolism and immune gene expression in chicken embryos","volume":"16","author":"Bhanja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-7-418","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles administered to chicken affect VEGFA and FGF2 gene expression in breast muscle and heart","volume":"7","author":"Hotowy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2017.1349637","article-title":"In ovo silver nanoparticle supplementation for improving the post-hatch immunity status of broiler chickens","volume":"71","author":"Goel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.4.529","article-title":"Effects of dietary vitamin E on the immune system in broilers: altered proportions of CD4 T cells in the thymus and spleen","volume":"77","author":"Erf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.22069\/psj.2015.2655","article-title":"The impact of in ovo injection of silver nanoparticles, thyme and savory extracts in broiler breeder eggs on growth performance, lymphoid-organ weights, and blood and immune parameters of broiler chicks","volume":"3","author":"Saki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult Sci J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06575.x","article-title":"Topical nanocrystalline silver cream suppresses inflammatory cytokines and induces apoptosis of inflammatory cells in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"152","author":"Bhol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100845","article-title":"Effect of silver nanoparticle administration on productive performance, blood parameters, antioxidative status, and silver residues in growing rabbits under hot climate","volume":"9","author":"Abdelsalam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4577","article-title":"Post-hatch immunomodulation through in ovo supplemented nutrients in broiler chickens","volume":"92","author":"Bakyaraj","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.56093\/ijans.v82i9.23652","article-title":"Modulation of post hatch-growth and immunocompetence through in ovo injection of limiting amino acids in broiler chickens","volume":"92","author":"Bhanja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2005.524","article-title":"Effect of in ovo injection of critical amino acids on pre and post hatch growth, immunocompetence and development of digestive organs in broiler chickens","volume":"18","author":"Bhanja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Effects of in ovo administration of vitamins on post hatch-performance, immunocompetence and blood biochemical profiles of broiler chickens91621 GoelA PandeV BhanjaSK MehraM MajumdarS Indian J Anim Sci.832013"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v49i1.20","article-title":"Feeding sodium selenite and nano-selenium stimulates growth and oxidation resistance in broilers","volume":"49","author":"Saleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"South African J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7438","article-title":"In ovo trace element supplementation enhances expression of growth genes in embryo and immune genes in post-hatch broiler chickens","volume":"96","author":"Goel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0150133","article-title":"Effects of dietary nano-selenium supplementation on growth performance, antioxidative status, and immunity in broiler chickens under thermoneutral and high ambient temperature conditions","volume":"53","author":"El-Deep","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Poult Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102515","article-title":"Comparative study on the responses of broiler chicken to hot and humid environment supplemented with different dietary levels and sources of selenium","volume":"88","author":"Sagar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8894","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16108894","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles as potential antiviral agents","volume":"16","author":"Galdiero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-3155-8-1","article-title":"Mode of antiviral action of silver nanoparticles against HIV-1","volume":"8","author":"Lara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5059","DOI":"10.1039\/b510984a","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles fabricated in Hepes buffer exhibit cytoprotective activities toward HIV-1 infected cells","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601005","article-title":"Retroviral DNA integration: reaction pathway and critical intermediates","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123491","article-title":"Managing gut microbiota through in ovo nutrition influences early-life programming in broiler chickens","volume":"11","author":"Shehata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: 1994","year":"1994"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"105","article-title":"Standardization of injection site, needle length, embryonic age and concentration of amino acids for in ovo injection in broiler breeder eggs","volume":"39","author":"Bhanja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Poult Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0620205","article-title":"The effect of genetic origin, source of antigen, and dose of antigen on the immune response of cockerels","volume":"62","author":"Van der Zijpp","year":"1983","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0690403","article-title":"Evaluation of cell-mediated, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity in young chickens by an interdigital skin test","volume":"69","author":"Corrier","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110844","article-title":"IgG and IgM responses in high and low antibody-selected lines of chickens","volume":"80","author":"Martin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hered."},{"key":"B40","first-page":"242","volume-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccine for Terrestrial Animal's","author":"Brucellosis","year":"2008"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2017.09.002","article-title":"Clinicopathological evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccination using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agents in challenged chickens","volume":"5","author":"Oyebanji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Vet Sci Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2012.710081","article-title":"Effect of silver nanoparticles on growth performance, metabolism and microbial profile of broiler chickens","volume":"66","author":"Pineda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2011.11.013","article-title":"Effect of nanoparticles of silver and gold on metabolic rate and development of broiler and layer embryos","volume":"161","author":"Pineda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Mol Integr Physiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/70155\/2006","article-title":"The influence of silver nanoparticles on chick embryo development and bursa of Fabricius morphology","volume":"15","author":"Grodzik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Feed Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.39.194","article-title":"The needle bore diameter for in ovo amino acid injection has no effect on hatching performance in broiler breeder eggs","volume":"39","author":"Ohta","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Poult Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.8.1219","article-title":"Postnatal growth of broilers in response to in ovo administration of chicken growth hormone","volume":"78","author":"Kocamis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B47","unstructured":"The effects of in ovo insulin-like growth factor-1 on embryonic development of musculus longus colli dorsalis in Japanese quail23340 DepremT GuelmezN Turkish J Vet Anim Sci.312007"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"366","article-title":"The impact of silver nano particles on growth performance, lymphoid organs and oxidative stress indicators in broiler chicks","volume":"5","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob Vet."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12193","article-title":"In ovo carbohydrate supplementation modulates growth and immunity-related genes in broiler chickens","volume":"99","author":"Bhanja","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B50","first-page":"605","article-title":"Effects of feed type with\/without nanosil on cumulative performance, relative organ weight and some blood parameters of broilers","volume":"7","author":"Andi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob Vet."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"237","article-title":"Influence of nanoparticles of silver\/palladium alloy on chicken embryos' development","volume":"46","author":"Studnicka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S12361","article-title":"Visualization of gold and platinum nanoparticles interacting with Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"5","author":"Sawosz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02887756","article-title":"Investigation on the effect of selenium on T lymphocyte proliferation and its mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Ru-duan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Tongji Med Univ"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660600830629","article-title":"Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail","volume":"47","author":"Biswas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci."},{"key":"B55","first-page":"50","article-title":"Selenium and immune function","volume":"37","author":"Kiremidjian-Schumacher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Z Ernahrungswiss."},{"key":"B56","first-page":"53","article-title":"Avian IgY antibody: in vitro and in vivo","author":"Carlander","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818708-1.00023-3","article-title":"Structure and evolution of avian immunoglobulins","volume-title":"Avian Immunology","author":"H\u00e4rtle","year":"2022"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1637\/11555-120816-ResNote.1","article-title":"Repeated challenge with virulent Newcastle disease virus does not decrease the efficacy of vaccines","volume":"61","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.01.057","article-title":"Clinicopathological characterization of experimental infection in chickens with sub-genotype VIIi Newcastle disease virus isolated from peafowl","volume":"105","author":"Desingu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Pathog."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.06.007","article-title":"Effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine antibodies on the shedding and transmission of challenge viruses","volume":"41","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1086\/317537","article-title":"Type 1\/Type 2 immunity in infectious diseases","volume":"32","author":"Spellberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.3.349","article-title":"Avian gut-associated lymphoid tissues and intestinal immune responses to Eimeria parasites","volume":"9","author":"Lillehoj","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.6.3463","article-title":"Directing transition from innate to acquired immunity: defining a role for IL-6","volume":"175","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B64","first-page":"343","article-title":"Autocrine regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation: differential induction of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor","volume":"65","author":"Cantrell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Immunology."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283312956","article-title":"Zinc: role in immunity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Prasad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.948069\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:17:41Z","timestamp":1728001061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.948069\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2022.948069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.948069","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"article-number":"948069"}}