{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:43:51Z","timestamp":1792842231346,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune-mediated hepatitis is a severe impendence to human health, and no effective treatment is currently available. Therefore, new, safe, low-cost therapies are desperately required. Berbamine (BE), a natural substance obtained primarily from <jats:italic>Berberis vulgaris<\/jats:italic> L, is a traditional herbal medicine with several bioactivities, such as antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Thymoquinone (TQ), a phytochemical molecule derived from the <jats:italic>Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic> plant's black cumin seeds, has attracted interest owing to itsanti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This current study's aims was to examine the protective impacts of BE and TQ in Concanavalin A (ConA)- induced acute liver injury and the action's underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>sixty mice of both sexes were used and divided into four groups (each group with six mice) as follows: Group I obtained distilled water (negative control group). Group II received distilled water with a single dose of 0.1 ml ConA (20 mg\/kg) on day 4 by retro-orbital route (model group). Groups III and IV received BE (30 mg\/kg\/day) and TQ (25 mg\/kg\/day), respectively, by oral gavage for four successive days, with a single dose of ConA (20 mg\/kg) on day 4, then all animals were sacrificed after 8 h and prepared for liver and blood collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ConA administration increased the ALT, AST, TNF-\u03b1, INF\u03b3, and NF-\u03baB significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) in the model group. Both BE and TQ could reduce these parameters significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) in groups III and IV, respectively, compared to the model group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both BE and TQ prominently attenuated ConA immune-mediated liver injury. These findings give a remarkable insight into developing a new therapeutic agent for treating hepatitis and other autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.960981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T06:55:10Z","timestamp":1658818510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Berbamine and thymoquinone exert protective effects against immune-mediated liver injury via NF-\u03baB dependent pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sarmed H.","family":"Kathem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed K.","family":"Abdulsahib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munaf 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