{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:17:21Z","timestamp":1793661441163,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this study was to report short term clinical and radiographic outcomes after distal ulnar ostectomy in dogs with carpal valgus due to discordant radial-ulnar growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample group<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Client owned dogs under 1 year of age with carpal valgus and open distal radial physes pre-operatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records from four veterinary referral centers were searched from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2022 for juvenile dogs that had been treated with distal ulnar ostectomy for carpal valgus due to premature closure of the distal ulnar physis. Patients were excluded if they were skeletally mature at the time of ostectomy; medical records were incomplete; radial physis was closed at surgery; or definitive corrective osteotomy was performed. Radiographs were evaluated pre-operatively and for short term follow up at ~8 weeks. Complications and short term clinical outcomes were evaluated also.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>31 limbs from 23 dogs were evaluated. Patients ranged from 4 to 10.8 months of age. All dogs presented for visible carpal valgus and varying degrees of thoracic limb lameness. Sixty-four percent of patients showed resolution of lameness while an additional 13% showed an improvement in clinical lameness without complete resolution. Complications were seen in 32% of patients with 70% percent of those being minor, bandage related complications. Radiographically, 38% of limbs showed bridging callus formation of the ostectomy at an average of 7.5 weeks post operatively and 75% percent of patients with elbow incongruity improved radiographically. There was no significant difference in radial joint angles pre-operatively and at the time of follow up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distal ulnar ostectomy ameliorates lameness in juvenile dogs with premature distal ulnar physeal closure and shows lack of progression of distal carpal valgus deformity, but does not improve joint angulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distal ulnar ostectomy is associated with mild bandage-related complications and halting of progressive limb deformity within the time frame evaluated, and should therefore be considered a treatment for premature closure of the distal ulnar physis. It does not lead to deformity correction at 8 weeks following surgery but is associated with improved elbow congruity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.971527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T06:59:26Z","timestamp":1662706766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Short term outcomes and complications of distal ulnar ostectomy in 23 juvenile dogs with carpal valgus secondary to discordant radial-ulnar physeal growth"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Scott","family":"Christopher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196345030-00019","article-title":"Injuries Involving the Epiphyseal Plate","volume":"45","author":"Salter","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1971.tb05631.x","article-title":"Epiphyseal plate injury in the dog: a radiographic study of growth disturbance in the forelimb","volume":"12","author":"O'Brien","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2006.09.002","article-title":"Trauma-induced growth abnormalities of the distal radius in three cats","volume":"9","author":"Voss","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"E1","article-title":"The epiphyseal plate: physiology, anatomy, and trauma","volume":"31","author":"von Pfeil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1978.tb05554.x","article-title":"Premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs-a review of 58 cases","volume":"19","author":"Ramadan","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1981.tb05770.x","article-title":"Retardation of endochondral ossification at the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs","volume":"57","author":"Johnson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Aust Vet J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173275","article-title":"An expressed Fgf4 retrogene is associated with breed-defining chondrodysplasia in domestic dogs","volume":"325","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11476","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1709082114","article-title":"FGF4 retrogene on CFA12 is responsible for chondrodystrophy and intervertebral disc disease in dogs","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-020-00097-5","article-title":"Short and sweet: foreleg abnormalities in Havanese and the role of the FGF4 retrogene","volume":"7","author":"Bellamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canine Med Genet."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13020325","article-title":"The effects of FGF4 retrogenes on canine morphology","volume":"13","author":"Bannasch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12460","article-title":"Classification of angular limb deformities affecting the canine radius and ulna using the center of rotation of angulation method: classification of deformities affecting canine radius and ulna","volume":"45","author":"Knapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00488-4","article-title":"Modulation of appositional and longitudinal bone growth in the rat ulna by applied static and dynamic force","volume":"29","author":"Robling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B2.2312573","article-title":"The relationship between periosteal division and compression or distraction of the growth plate. 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