{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:29:34Z","timestamp":1787027374155,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A large overlap in the ultrasound (US) features of focal pancreatic lesions (FPLs) in cats is reported. Furthermore, only a small number of studies describing the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of FPLs in cats have been conducted today. The aim of this study is to describe the B-mode US and CEUS features of FPLs in cats. Ninety-eight cats cytologically diagnosed with FPL were included. The lesions were classified as adenocarcinoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 40), lymphoma (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 11), nodular hyperplasia (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 17), other benign lesion (OBL) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 20), cyst (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 4) or other malignant lesion (OML) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6). Several qualitative and quantitative B-mode and CEUS features were described in each case. OMLs and cysts were not included in the statistical analysis. A decision tree to classify the lesions based on their B-mode and CEUS features was developed. The overall accuracy of the cross-validation of the decision tree was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63\u20130.83). The developed decision tree had a very high sensitivity and specificity for nodular hyperplasia (1 and 0.94, respectively) as well as good sensitivity and specificity for both adenocarcinomas (0.85 and 0.77, respectively) and OBLs also (0.70 and 0.93, respectively). The algorithm was unable to detect any specific feature for classifying lymphomas, and almost all the lymphomas were classified as adenocarcinomas. The combination between CEUS and B-mode US is very accurate in the classification of some FPLs, especially nodular hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas. Cytopathology and or histopathology is still a fundamental step FPL diagnostic workflow.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.986948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T04:08:59Z","timestamp":1664338139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of focal pancreatic lesions in cats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Burti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Rubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bargellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Bonsembiante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Contiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mabel","family":"Marcuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Banzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12274","article-title":"Diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats","volume":"56","author":"Xenoulis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.5326\/0400238","article-title":"Exocrine pancreatic neoplasia in the cat: a case series","volume":"40","author":"Seaman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2019.10.195","article-title":"Histopathology and feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in inflammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic pancreatic diseases in cats","volume":"174","author":"T\u00f6rner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Compar Pathol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.9.1060","article-title":"Agreement of serum feline pancreas\u2013specific lipase and colorimetric lipase assays with pancreatic ultrasonographic findings in cats with suspicion of pancreatitis: 161 cases (2008\u20132012)","volume":"244","author":"Oppliger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105453","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography features of hepatobiliary neoplasms in cats","volume":"186","author":"Banzato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.11.1305","article-title":"Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic analysis of perfusion in the kidneys, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy cats","volume":"71","author":"Leinonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0380-2","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the pancreas in healthy cats","volume":"11","author":"Diana","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081444","article-title":"B-Mode and contrast enhanced ultrasonography features of gastric inflammatory and neoplastic diseases in cats","author":"Simeoni","year":"","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0187.x","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced power and color Doppler ultrasonography of the pancreas in healthy and diseased cats","volume":"22","author":"Rademacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055116919876140","DOI":"10.1177\/2055116919876140","article-title":"Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the detection of a feline insulinoma","volume":"5","author":"Cervone","year":"2019","journal-title":"JFMS Open Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.03.030","article-title":"Effect of two sedative protocols and hepatosplenic disease on Doppler indices of splenic arteries in dogs: a preliminary study","volume":"197","author":"Ferrandis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-4083-3.00007-3","article-title":"Oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and associated structures","volume-title":"Canine and Feline Cytology: a Color Atlas and Interpretation Guide","author":"Jergens","year":"2016"},{"key":"B13","article-title":"Endocrine\/neuroendocrine system","volume-title":"Canine and Feline Cytology: A Color Atlas and Interpretation Guide","author":"Raskin","year":"2016"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15317","article-title":"A retrospective study of 157 hospitalized cats with pancreatitis in a tertiary care center: clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, potential prognostic markers and outcome","volume":"32","author":"Nivy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00203.x","article-title":"Imaging findings in pancreatic neoplasia and nodular hyperplasia in 19 cats","volume":"48","author":"Hecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-37-5-466","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and cytopathological diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in the dog and cat","volume":"37","author":"Bennett","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2012.00320.x","article-title":"Feline exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: a retrospective study of 34 cases","volume":"11","author":"Linderman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Compar Oncol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02186.x","article-title":"Pancreatic pseudocysts in 4 dogs and 2 cats: ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings","volume":"13","author":"VanEnkevort","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med Am Coll Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63220-3","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of malignant focal liver masses in dogs","volume":"10","author":"Burti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611556","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.611556","article-title":"diagnostic accuracy of delayed phase post contrast computed tomographic images in the diagnosis of focal liver lesions in dogs: 69 cases","volume":"8","author":"Burti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872618","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.872618","article-title":"A machine learning-based approach for classification of focal splenic lesions based on their CT Features","volume":"9","author":"Burti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.986948\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T04:09:03Z","timestamp":1664338143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.986948\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2022.986948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.986948","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"article-number":"986948"}}