{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:19:51Z","timestamp":1787786391231,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary goals of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are to restore functional residual capacity through recruitment and prevention of alveolar collapse. Through these mechanisms, PEEP improves arterial oxygenation and may reduce the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Because of the many potential negative effects associated with the use of PEEP, much research has concentrated on determining the optimal PEEP setting. Arterial oxygenation targets and pressure-volume loops have been utilized to set the optimal PEEP for decades. Several other techniques have been suggested, including the use of PEEP tables, compliance, driving pressure (DP), stress index (SI), transpulmonary pressures, imaging, and electrical impedance tomography. Each of these techniques has its own benefits and limitations and there is currently not one technique that is recommended above all others.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1083290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T11:09:28Z","timestamp":1689764968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Setting the optimal positive end-expiratory pressure: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Zersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","article-title":"Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","author":"Network","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(67)90168-7","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress in adults","volume":"2","author":"Ashbaugh","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93401-9_17","article-title":"PEEP setting in ARDS","volume-title":"Mechanical ventilation from pathophysiology to clinical evidence","author":"Rezoagli","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"103","article-title":"Final considerations in ventilator setup","volume-title":"Mechanical ventilation physiological and clinical applications","author":"Cairo","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref5","author":"Hopkins","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201610-2035CI","article-title":"Fifty years of research in ARDS. 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