{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T01:24:39Z","timestamp":1775179479616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last two decades, vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) have changed their distribution across the globe as a consequence of a variety of environmental, socioeconomic and geopolitical factors. <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:italic> are perfect exemplars of European VBPs of One Health concern that have undergone profound changes in their distribution, with new hotspots of infection appearing in previously non-endemic countries. Some areas, such as the United Kingdom, are still considered non-endemic. However, a combination of climate change and the potential spread of invasive mosquito species may change this scenario, exposing the country to the risk of outbreaks of filarial infections. Only a limited number of non-autochthonous cases have been recorded in the United Kingdom to date. These infections remain a diagnostic challenge for clinicians unfamiliar with these \u201cexotic\u201d parasites, which in turn complicates the approach to treatment and management. Therefore, this review aims to (i) describe the first case of <jats:italic>D. repens<\/jats:italic> infection in a dog currently resident in Scotland, (ii) summarise the available literature on <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic> spp. infections in both humans and animals in the United Kingdom and (iii) assess the suitability of the United Kingdom for the establishment of these new VBPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1128188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T05:37:30Z","timestamp":1682573850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The long-distance relationship between Dirofilaria and the UK: case report and literature 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