{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:30:02Z","timestamp":1789587002952,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic> is a widespread respiratory pathogen in pigs, causing swine pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis, and the capsular serogroups A and D are the main epidemic serogroups in infected animals. This study investigated the protective effects of serogroup A and D bacterins against current circulating <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> strains, to better understand the immunity generated by bacterins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>13 serogroup A (seven A: L3 and six A: L6 strains) and 13 serogroup D (all D: L6 strains) <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> strains were isolated, and used as inactivated whole cell antigen to prepare <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> bacterins. Mice were immunized with these bacterins at 21-day interval and intraperitoneally challenged with the homologous and heterologous <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> strains, respectively. The antibody titer levels and immunization protective efficacy of vaccines were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All of the bacterins tested induced high titer levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies against the parental bacterial antigen in mice. Vaccination with the six A: L6 bacterins provided no protection against the parent strain, but some strains did provide heterologous protection against A: L3 strains. Vaccination with the seven A: L3 bacterins provided 50%\u2013100% protection against the parent strain, but none gave heterologous protection against the A:L6 strains. Immunization with the thirteen D: L6 bacterins offered 60%\u2013100% protection against the parent strain, and almost all D: L6 strains gave cross-protection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found that the cross-protectivity of serogroup A strains was poor, while serogroup D strains was effective, which provided some insights for <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic> vaccine development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1132536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T07:19:43Z","timestamp":1677655183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunogenicity and efficacy of serogroup A and D bacterins against Pasteurella multocida in 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