{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T23:20:53Z","timestamp":1768519253093,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study investigated the effects of epidermal growth factors (EGF) and\/or \u03b2-Mercaptoethanol (\u03b2ME) supplementations to oocyte maturation, fertilization, and culture media on the buffalo <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> embryo production. The ovaries were collected and transferred within 2 h to the laboratory. The cumulus oocytes complexes were aspirated from 3 to 8 mm diameter follicles. Firstly, EGF; 0, 10, 20, or 50 ng\/mL or \u03b2ME; 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 \u03bcM were supplemented to the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> maturation (TCM-199), fertilization (IVF-TALP), or culture (IVC: SOF) media. Our results revealed that supplementing EGF (20 ng\/mL) to the TCM-199, IVF-TALP, or SOF media could efficiently improve the growth rates and development of buffalos' embryos, while EGF (50 ng\/mL) could stimulate the embryo production only after treatment of the IVF-TALP \/or SOF media, but not the IVM medium. However, \u03b2ME was less efficient than EGF; it stimulated the growth rates of buffalo embryos when supplemented with the maturation and fertilization (IVF-TALP) media in a 50 \u03bcM concentration. Secondly, combined EGF (20 ng\/mL) and \u03b2ME (50 \u03bcM) were supplemented to the maturation media as effective concentration. The combined treatment of EGF (20 ng\/mL) and \u03b2ME (50 \u03bcM) showed no significant enhancing effect on the buffalo embryos compared to each alone. For future perspectives, further study is required to examine the effects of combined EGF and \u03b2ME on the maturation and fertilization of buffalo oocytes at different categories of age and seasonal localities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1138220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T04:46:02Z","timestamp":1678682762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of epidermal growth factor and\/or \u03b2-mercaptoethanol supplementations on the in vitro produced buffaloes' embryos"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Ezzat","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramya Ahmad","family":"Sindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasra Ahmed","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdy R.","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid M. 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