{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:40:32Z","timestamp":1763142032872,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To screen the occurrence of parapneumonic effusion in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records were searched for dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia from 2017 to 2021 at the Liege university teaching hospital. Bacterial pneumonia was presumptively diagnosed based on compatible clinical signs and findings; thoracic radiographs compatible with bacterial bronchopneumonia; and either increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a positive bronchoalveolar lavage culture or a positive clinical evolution in response to antibiotic therapy. Patients diagnosed with parasitic or other non-bacterial inflammatory pneumonia or with pulmonary neoplasia were excluded. Signalment, clinical findings, and outcome were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and thirty dogs were included in the study, of which 44 dogs (33.8%) developed a parapneumonic effusion. Four of these dogs (4\/44; 9%) had thoracocentesis performed, displaying a modified transudate (2) or septic exudate (2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although parapneumonic effusion in dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia appears to be rather common (33.8%), thoracocentesis or chest tube placement was rarely performed. Furthermore, the outcome of dogs with and without parapneumonic effusion appears to be similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1144148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T06:00:55Z","timestamp":1678946455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A retrospective study on parapneumonic effusion in 130 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Burnotte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Graziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Gommeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-022-00430-8","article-title":"Point of care ultrasound as initial diagnostic tool in acute dyspnea patients in the emergency department of a tertiary care center: Diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"15","author":"Baid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13271","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a lung ultrasound protocol (Vet BLUE) for detection of pleural fluid, pneumothorax and lung pathology in dogs and cats","volume":"62","author":"Cole","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12795","article-title":"Radiography is less sensitive relative to CT for detecting thoracic radiographic changes in dogs affected by blunt trauma secondary to a motor vehicle accident","volume":"60","author":"Dancer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16379","article-title":"Comparison of lung ultrasound, chest radiographs, C-reactive protein, and clinical findings in dogs treated for aspiration pneumonia","volume":"36","author":"Fernandes Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Int Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12968","article-title":"Veterinary-focused assessment with sonography for trauma-airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure: A prospective observational study in 64 canine trauma patients","volume":"60","author":"Armenise","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.7.869","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of incidence, clinical features, potential risk factors, and prognostic indicators for aspiration pneumonia in three brachycephalic dog breeds","volume":"253","author":"Darcy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12269","article-title":"Aspiration pneumonia in the Irish wolfhound: A possible breed predisposition","volume":"55","author":"Greenwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.11.1742","article-title":"Clinical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic findings in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 cases (2004\u20132006)","volume":"233","author":"Kogan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.10.1493","article-title":"Community-acquired infectious pneumonia in puppies: 65 cases (1993\u20132002)","volume":"230","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200510-113JH","article-title":"Parapneumonic effusions and empyema","volume":"3","author":"Light","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4690","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.10.96","article-title":"Infectious pleural effusion status and treatment progress","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2491","article-title":"Evaluation and significance of C-reactive protein in the clinical diagnosis of severe pneumonia","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Therap Med."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Screening performance characteristic of ultrasonography and radiography in detection of pleural effusion; 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