{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:08:21Z","timestamp":1792577301747,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Europe, the classification systems of the WHO, WOAH (founded as OIE), and EMA are the prevailing standard documents guiding the prudent use of antibiotic substances. While the WHO document \u201cCritically important antimicrobials for human medicine\u201d eponymously focusses on the use in humans, the other two documents, \u201cOIE List of Antimicrobial Agents of Veterinary Importance\u201d and \u201cEMA Categorization of antibiotics for use in animals,\u201d concentrate exclusively on the prudent use of antibiotics in animals. One common purpose of these classification systems is to provide guidance in making sound decisions on the choice of antibiotics for treating humans as well as animals. Although the latest editions of these compendia refer to one another and bear a clear resemblance at the category levels, some of the substances are grouped into unequal classes. This review illustrates the specific perspectives of the three categorization systems under consideration. The arguments raised for different classifications between the WHO and the EMA are exemplified for amoxicillins without beta-lactamase inhibitors, macrolides, sulfonamides, and colistin. For the daily clinical use of antibiotics, veterinarians should consider the EMA document, and, under tentative circumstances, consult the OIE list.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1153048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T05:02:34Z","timestamp":1679029354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Understanding the background and clinical significance of the WHO, WOAH, and EMA classifications of antimicrobials to mitigate antimicrobial resistance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ronette","family":"Gehring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Mochel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Schmerold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine \u2013 6th revision","year":"2019"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"WOAH List of Antimicrobials of Veterinary Importance.2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12846","article-title":"Current and future perspectives on the categorization of antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine","volume":"44","author":"Watts","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Press release 28\/01\/2020Categorisation of Antibiotics Used in Animals Promotes Responsible Use to Protect Public Animal Health2020"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Advice on Impacts of Using Antimicrobials in Animals"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"Official Journal of the European Union, L4\/43-167Regulation (EU) 2019\/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001\/82\/EC2019"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"Official Journal of the European Union L 191\/58-60","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022\/1255 of July 2022 designating antimicrobials or groups of antimicrobials reserved for treatment of certain infections in humans in in accordance with Regulation EU 2019\/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council"},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Official Journal of the European Union L 353\/1-5","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021\/1760 of May 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019\/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing the criteria for the designation of antimicrobials to be reserved for the treatment of certain infections in humans"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"Guidelines for the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Veterinary Medicine.2015"},{"key":"B10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reflection paper on the use of aminopenicillins and their beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations in animals in the European Union: development of resistance and impact on human and animal health"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"Categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union - Answer to the request from the European Commission for updating the scientific advice on the impact on public health animal health of the use of antibiotics in animals2019"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Third Joint Inter-agency Report on Integrated Analysis of Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria from Humans and Food-Producing Animals in the EU\/EEA, JIACRA III","year":"2021"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Updated advice on the use of colistin products in animals within the European Union: development of resistance possible impact on human animal health. EMA\/CVMP\/CHMP\/231573\/20162016"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"Sales of Veterinary Antimicrobial Agents in 31 European Countries in 2021.2022"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111716","article-title":"Colistin update on its mechanism of action and resistance, present and future challenges","volume":"8","author":"Andrade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1153048\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T05:02:44Z","timestamp":1679029364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1153048\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2023.1153048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1153048","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"article-number":"1153048"}}