{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:37:20Z","timestamp":1793407040882,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of implant removal after partial carpal arthrodesis and to investigate factors associated with implant removal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case records of 22 dogs that underwent partial carpal arthrodesis at two private veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed. Details retrieved were body weight at time of surgery, sex, neuter status, breed, age, cause of carpal hyperextension injury, joint(s) involved in carpal hyperextension injury, laterality, type of implant, administration of post-operative antibiotics, post-operative outcome and indication for implant removal. Association between these factors and implant removal was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 22 partial carpal arthrodesis, 12 (55%) had implant removal due to persistent lameness and 9\/12 (75%) returned to full and acceptable function after implant removal. Indications for implant removal were implant interference (8), infection (4), and migration (1). When comparing type of implant, there was a significant difference when observing implant removal rates (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.04). All 5 dogs with pins and wires (100%) required implant removal. Of 17 dogs with a plate, 7 (41.2%) required implant removal. Implant removal was performed on average 114 days post-operative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Implant removal after partial carpal arthrodesis was frequent and was commonly indicated due to pin and wire fixation or plate implant interference. This study may impact how we prepare clients for potential post-operative complications and implant removal when recommending partial carpal arthrodesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1160129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T04:25:49Z","timestamp":1680582349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Implant removal rate after partial carpal arthrodesis in dogs: A retrospective analysis of 22 cases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Caroline J.","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Balara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue A.","family":"Casale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk L.","family":"Wendelburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00943.x","article-title":"Partial carpal and pancarpal arthrodesis in the dog: a review of 50 cases","volume":"32","author":"Denny","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1981.tb00627.x","article-title":"Pancarpal arthrodesis in the dog: a review of fort-five cases","volume":"10","author":"Parker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B3","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthrodesis of the carpus."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.02.230","article-title":"T-plate for middle carpal and carpometacarpal arthrodesis in a dog","volume":"199","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632760","article-title":"Treatment of carpometacarpal and middle carpal joint hyperextension injuries with partial carpal arthrodesis using a cross pin technique: 21 cases","volume":"16","author":"Habjurak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Comp Ortho Traumatol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01201.x","article-title":"Partial carpal arthrodesis for third degree carpal sprains: a review of 45 carpi","volume":"19","author":"Willer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet 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clinical orthopedic studies in veterinary medicine","volume":"39","author":"Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00663.x","article-title":"Predictive variables for complications after TPLO with stifle inspection by arthrotomy in 1,000 consecutive dogs","volume":"39","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.00971.x","article-title":"Implant removal rate from infection after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"41","author":"Gallagher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Surg."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-10-12-0172","article-title":"Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy implant removal: a retrospective analysis of 129 cases","volume":"6","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-11-11-0158","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of a novel castless arthrodesis plate with T-plate and cross pin techniques for canine partial carpal arthrodesis","volume":"26","author":"Burton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701004","article-title":"Comparison of radiographs and CT scans in the prospective evaluation of the fusion of hindfoot arthrodesis","volume":"27","author":"Coughlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary 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