{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:18:44Z","timestamp":1789053524465,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001724","name":"International Foundation for Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abortion is one of the leading causes of economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. <jats:italic>Chlamydia abortus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. are the leading cause of late fetal loss in small ruminants. This study determined the seroprevalence of these agents in small ruminants in district Jhang. A total of 385 serum samples were taken from the sheep and goats from different flocks with a history of abortion and subjected to i-ELISA. Further, samples were analysed for liver enzymes and total serum protein using a semi-automated chemistry analyzer. The result of indirect commercial ELISA showed 13.0, 4.2 and 11.2% prevalence for <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chlamydia abortus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp., respectively. Values of different serum parameters (ALT, AST, and total protein) of seropositive animals were also determined. There was a significant rise in AST and ALT values of infected animals (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Total protein decreased for all three infections, but a significant drop was noted in <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> positive sheep serum samples. Various risk factors were studied. Binary logistic regression proved a significant role of ticks for coxiellosis and brucellosis. Age, parity, and species did not impact the prevalence of diseases studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1195274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T11:22:25Z","timestamp":1690543345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sero-epidemiological study of zoonotic bacterial abortifacient agents in small ruminants"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Abid","family":"Zeeshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarmad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishtiaq","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziz 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