{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:05:37Z","timestamp":1794049537031,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005707","name":"Akademie f\u00fcr Tiergesundheit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic asymptomatic idiopathic orchitis (CAO) is an important but neglected cause of acquired infertility due to non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in male dogs. The similarity of the pathophysiology in infertile dogs and men supports the dog's suitability as a possible animal model for studying human diseases causing disruption of spermatogenesis and evaluating the role of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as a new therapeutic approach to restore or recover fertility in cases of CAO. To investigate the survival of resilient stem cells, the expression of the protein gene product (PGP9.5), deleted in azoospermia like (DAZL), foxo transcription factor 1 (FOXO1) and tyrosine-kinase receptor (C-Kit) were evaluated in healthy and CAO-affected canine testes. Our data confirmed the presence of all investigated germ cell markers at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, we postulate a specific expression pattern of FOXO1 and C-Kit in undifferentiated and differentiating spermatogonia, respectively, whereas DAZL and PGP9.5 expressions were confirmed in the entire spermatogonial population. Furthermore, this is the first study revealing a significant reduction of PGP9.5, DAZL, and FOXO1 in CAO at protein and\/or gene expression level indicating a severe disruption of spermatogenesis. This means that chronic asymptomatic inflammatory changes in CAO testis are accompanied by a significant loss of SSCs. Notwithstanding, our data confirm the survival of putative stem cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation and lay the groundwork for further research into stem cell-based therapeutic options to reinitialize spermatogenesis in canine CAO-affected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1205064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T05:56:56Z","timestamp":1686808616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Detection of spermatogonial stem cells in testicular tissue of dogs with chronic asymptomatic orchitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Larena","family":"Reifarth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"K\u00f6rber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Packeiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Goericke-Pesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Clinical Approach to Infertility in the Male Dog","volume-title":"Canine and Feline Theriogenology.","author":"Johnston","year":"2001"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.04.025","article-title":"Common causes of male dog infertility","volume":"68","author":"Memon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.03.478","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory findings associated with actual or suspected azoospermia in dogs: 18 cases (1979-1990)","volume":"201","author":"Olsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"B4","article-title":"Evaluation of semen properties and ejaculation reflex in dogs with reference to fertility","author":"Dubiel","year":"1976"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"686","article-title":"Two common causes of infertility in the male dog","volume-title":"2006 World Congress Proceedings 31st World Small Animal Association Congress, 12th European Congress FECAVA, & 14th Czech Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress, Prague, Czech Republic","author":"Romagnoli","year":"2006"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(91)50062-0","article-title":"Clinical approach for evaluation dogs with azoospermia or aspermia","volume":"21","author":"Olsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A24","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1622694","article-title":"Bestimmung der alkalischen Phosphatase im Seminalplasma zu Differenzierung von Azoospermie und unvollst\u00e4ndiger Ejakulation","volume":"36","author":"Goericke-Pesch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Prax"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.865967","article-title":"Chronic Immune-mediated orchitis is the major cause of acquired non-obstructive azoospermia in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Goericke-Pesch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020300","article-title":"Palomino-Morales F, Rogelio J. 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