{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:13:45Z","timestamp":1792199625331,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 4-year-old, female-spayed American Bulldog presented to the Ontario Veterinary College\u2019s Health Sciences Center\u2019s Clinical Nutrition Service for nutritional management of hepatic enzymopathy and suspected copper-associated hepatitis. Medical history revealed a 3-month history of gradually increasing serum ALT. Additional diagnostics included negative <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> titters, normal bile acids, and laparoscopic liver biopsy. Histopathology findings were consistent with diffuse moderate vacuole hepatocellular degeneration, mild positive copper staining, mild chronic lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis both portal and central, and mild biliary hyperplasia. Hepatic copper quantification results were above normal ranges (630\u2009\u03bcg\/g dry tissue), but below those seen in familial copper-associated hepatitis (&amp;gt;800\u20131,000\u2009\u03bcg\/g dry tissue). The patient was prescribed ursodeoxycholic acid, recommended to be fed a homemade diet (HMD), and referred for a nutrition consult. Two days before the nutrition consult, serum ALT fell within the normal range. The body condition score was 5\/9, with a good muscle condition score and the dog\u2019s appetite and body weight remained stable. Energy intake was appropriate for maintenance. Key nutrient levels of all diets reported were compared to industry standards (AAFCO, NRC, and FEDIAF). Diet history included a commercially available raw meat-based diet (RMBD), of unknown copper content; a high energy commercial dry food (HEC), with copper content higher than the maximum recommended by FEDIAF and immediately prior to nutrition consult the patient had been eating an unbalanced homemade diet (HMD1) for 4\u2009weeks. HMD1 was low in copper and deficient in the hepatoprotectant nutrients vitamin E and zinc. As per the owner\u2019s preference and to accommodate the patient\u2019s unique nutritional needs, a homemade diet addressing key nutrients for liver disease was formulated (HMD2), with copper content just above the recommended minimum. The new diet was found palatable and the patient\u2019s body weight, body, and muscle condition scores remained unchanged. Two months after starting HMD2, all bloodwork values remained within the normal range, including ALT. The reduction of dietary copper content likely reduced serum ALT. However, unbalanced diets cause a risk of nutrient deficiencies and excess. This dog was maintained with no known adverse effects on a complete and balanced HMD diet with a moderately low copper content, moderate protein, and inclusion of hepatoprotective nutrients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1215447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T06:30:00Z","timestamp":1702276200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nutritional management of a dog with hepatic enzymopathy suspected to be secondary to copper-associated hepatitis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Francisco Manuel","family":"Poblanno Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin Elizabeth","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rico de Mello","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adronie","family":"Verbrugghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Ad Hoc Committee on Dog and Cat Nutrition. 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