{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:35:59Z","timestamp":1753893359061,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Constant rate infusion (CRI) of benzodiazepines or propofol (PPF) is a therapeutic option for cluster seizures (CS) and status epilepticus (SE) in canine patients non-responding to first-line benzodiazepines or non-anesthetics. However, specific indications for optimal duration of CRI are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of duration of anesthetic CRI on outcome and length of hospital stay in dogs with refractory seizure activity of different etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Open-label non-randomized clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy-three client-owned dogs were enrolled. Two groups [experimental (EXP) vs. control (CTRL)] were compared. The EXP group received diazepam (DZP) or PPF CRI for 12\u2009h (\u00b11\u2009h) and the CTRL group received DZP or PPF CRI for 24\u2009h (\u00b11\u2009h) in addition to a standardized emergency treatment protocol identical for both study groups. The historical control group was made up of a population of dogs already reported in a previously published paper by the same authors. Favorable outcome was defined as seizure cessation after CRI, no seizure recurrence, and clinical recovery. Poor outcome was defined as seizure recurrence, death in hospital or no return to acceptable clinical baseline. Univariate statistical analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sample was 73 dogs: 45 (62%) received DZP CRI and 28 (38%) received PPF CRI. The EXP group was 39 dogs (25 DZP CRI and 14 PPF CRI) and the CTRL group 34 dogs (20 DZP CRI and 14 PPF CRI). We found no statistically significant difference in outcomes between the groups. The median length of stay was 56\u2009h (IQR, 40\u201378) for the ALL EXP group and 58.5\u2009h (IQR, 48\u201374.5) for the ALL CTRL group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.8).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even though a shorter DZP or PPF CRI duration was not associated with a worse outcome, the study failed to identify a clear superiority of shorter CRI duration on outcome or length of hospital stay in dogs with refractory seizure activity of different etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1247100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T13:54:33Z","timestamp":1692712473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Duration of constant rate infusion with diazepam or propofol for canine cluster seizures and status epilepticus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Cagnotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ferrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Di Muro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Avilii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Favole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/JVIM.15993","article-title":"Continuous rate infusion of midazolam as emergent treatment for seizures in dogs","volume":"35","author":"Bray","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005948","DOI":"10.3389\/FVETS.2022.1005948\/BIBTEX","article-title":"Constant rate infusion 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