{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:39:10Z","timestamp":1781062750843,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arthrodesis, performed as a salvage surgical procedure to treat intractable joint conditions in dogs and cats, is associated with a high incidence of complications intra and postoperative, proving the need for improved and new techniques in arthrodesis surgery. Adding a new resorbable bone glue to the arthrodesis could potentially add fixation strength and lower complications. The objectives of this experimental <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> biomechanical study were therefore to develop a biomechanical test model of partial tarsal arthrodesis and to determine whether the new resorbable bone glue (phosphoserine modified cement) produced measurable fixation strength in canine calcaneoquartal arthrodesis, without orthopedic implants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four biomechanical test models with a total of 35 canine tarsal joints were used. Soft tissues were dissected to 4 different test models with variable contributions from soft tissues. The calcaneoquartal joint was prepared as <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> arthrodesis and the glue was applied to joint surfaces as a liquid\/putty (0.4\u2009cc). After curing for 24\u2009h, a shear force was applied to the joint (1\u2009mm per minute) and the failure strength was recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calcaneoquartal joints, where all soft tissues had been completely resected and fixated with glue (1\u20131.5\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> joint surface), withstood 2\u20135\u2009mm of displacement and an average of 100\u2009\u00b1\u200958\u2009N\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of shear force (Model 1). Similar adhesive fixation strengths were obtained in Model 2 and 3 with increasing contributions from soft tissues (80\u2009\u00b1\u200944 and 63\u2009\u00b1\u200923\u2009N\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.39, ANOVA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The developed biomechanical model was sensitive enough to measure differences in fixation strengths between different glue formulations. The average fixation strength (60\u2013100\u2009N\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) should be strong enough to support short-term load bearing in medium sized canines (20\u2009kg). The developed cadaver biomechanical test model is of potential use for other arthrodesis studies. The new resorbable glue can potentially contribute to stability at arthrodesis surgery, acting as a complement to today\u2019s standard fixation, metal implants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1250147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T07:55:03Z","timestamp":1695282903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Canine ex vivo tarsal arthrodesis: fixation by using a new bone tissue glue"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tobias Per Otto","family":"Lundin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pujari-Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustaf","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odd Viking","family":"H\u00f6glund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13517","article-title":"Corrective osteotomy and partial tarsal arthrodesis in two greyhounds with calcaneal malunion","volume":"49","author":"Abrams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13354","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after pantarsal arthrodesis with medial plate fixation without external coaptation in 30 dogs","volume":"49","author":"Anesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.155.18.559","article-title":"Management of leishmanial osteolytic lesions in a hypothyroid dog by partial tarsal arthrodesis","volume":"155","author":"Franch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687885","article-title":"Pantarsal arthrodesis to treat a full-thickness lateral trochlear ridge osteochondritis dissecans in a dog","volume":"2","author":"Massimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"VCOT Open"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1987.tb00913.x","article-title":"Fractures of the calcaneus in racing greyhounds","volume":"16","author":"Ost","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00468.x","article-title":"Complications following tarsal arthrodesis using bone plate fixation in dogs","volume":"49","author":"Roch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-12-07-0089","article-title":"Complications of lateral plate fixation compared with tension band wiring and pin or lag screw fixation for calcaneoquartal arthrodesis. 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