{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:09:25Z","timestamp":1790741365460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic> can cause problems in both animals and humans. Fasciolosis can be diagnosed through the indirect ELISA immunodiagnostic test. Serological diagnosis of <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> is based on recombinant antigens secreted by this worm. We used PubMed and Google Scholar databases to review the published literature on \u2018antigens with immunogenic potential\u2019 used in serological tests to identify antibodies against <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> in humans, cattle, and sheep. Studies that investigated diagnostic tests with common reference standards were included in the sensitivity and\/or specificity bivariate meta-analysis. In the quality and susceptibility to bias analysis of the 33 included studies, 26 fulfilled at least six (75%) of the eight QUADAS criteria and were considered good-quality papers. We found that most of the studies used native excretory-secretory antigens and recombinant cathepsin in ELISA tests for serological diagnosis of fascioliasis in humans, cattle, and sheep. The meta-analysis revealed that all antigens demonstrated good accuracy. The best results in terms of sensitivity [0.931\u20132.5% confidence interval (CI) and 0.985\u201397.5% CI] and specificity (0.959\u20132.5% CI and 0.997\u201397.5% CI) were found in human <jats:italic>Fh<\/jats:italic>ES. <jats:italic>Fh<\/jats:italic>rCL-1, <jats:italic>Fh<\/jats:italic>ES, and <jats:italic>Fh<\/jats:italic>rSAP-2 antigens gave the best results for the serum diagnosis of human and animal fasciolosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1252454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T10:39:36Z","timestamp":1693478376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Serological diagnosis of fasciolosis (Fasciola hepatica) in humans, cattle, and sheep: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Drescher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tassia Cristina Bello de","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00ednicius Silva","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariane Marques da Guarda","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline de Oliveira","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Gustavo","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano Borges","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018000914","article-title":"Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures","volume":"145","author":"Mas-Comas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.010","article-title":"Fascioliasis and other plant-borne trematode zoonoses","volume":"35","author":"Mas-Coma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(09)69002-3","article-title":"Chapter 2 Fasciola, Lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control","volume":"69","author":"Mas-Coma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4093","article-title":"Manifestation, diagnosis, and management of foodborne trematodiasis","volume":"344","author":"F\u00fcrst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X16000560","article-title":"Fasciolosis in South America: epidemiology and control challenges","volume":"91","author":"Carmona","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2017.12.004","article-title":"Bovine fascioliasis in Brazil: economic impact and forecasting","volume":"12","author":"Molento","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.93346","article-title":"Epidemiological survey and confirmation of autochthonous cases of bovine fasciolosis in the Serrana mesoregion of Santa Catarina, Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Am\u00e9rico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"465","article-title":"\u201cFasciola gigantica\u201d: epidemiology, control, immunology and molecular biology","volume-title":"Fasciolosis","author":"Spithill","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.02.006","article-title":"The influence of liver fluke infection on production in sheep and cattle: a meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Hayward","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.05.013","article-title":"Epidemiology and impact of Fasciola hepatica exposure in high-yielding dairy herds","volume":"121","author":"Howell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006","article-title":"A review on epidemiology, global prevalence and economical losses of fasciolosis in ruminants","volume":"109","author":"Mehmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X18000391","article-title":"Parasitic causes of organ condemnation in cattle slaughtered in Fako abattoirs, south-west region of Cameroon, and estimate of financial losses","volume":"93","author":"Kouam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.11.003","article-title":"Comparison of molecular and conventional methods for the diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection in the field","volume":"232","author":"Arifin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6823638","article-title":"Cross-sectional serological survey of human fascioliasis in Canutama municipality in Western Amazon, Brazil","volume":"2018","author":"Maciel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0988","article-title":"Comparison of Kato-Katz thick smear, Mini-FLOTAC, and fluke finder for the detection and quantification of Fasciola hepatica eggs in artificially spiked human stool","volume":"101","author":"Daniel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4093","article-title":"Global burden of human food-borne trematodiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"F\u00fcrst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2009.11.006","article-title":"A family of cathepsin F cysteine proteases of Clonorchis sinensis is the major secreted proteins that are expressed in the intestine of the parasite","volume":"170","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2010.12.004","article-title":"Adult and juvenile Fasciola cathepsin L proteases: different enzymes for different roles","volume":"93","author":"Norbury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4589-6","article-title":"Juvenile-specific cathepsin proteases in Fasciola spp.: their characteristics and vaccine efficacies","volume":"114","author":"Meemon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1992.9694354","article-title":"Comparison of an indirect haemagglutination assay and an ELISA for diagnosing Fasciola hepatica in experimentally and naturally infected sheep","volume":"14","author":"Cornelissen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2414","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002414","article-title":"The diagnosis of human fascioliasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant Cathepsin L protease","volume":"7","author":"Gonzales Santana","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.11.021","article-title":"Evaluation of a recombinant cathepsin L1 ELISA and comparison with the Pourquier and ES ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Fasciola hepatica","volume":"193","author":"Kuerpick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.03.016","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica saposin-like protein-2-based ELISA for the serodiagnosis of chronic human fascioliasis","volume":"70","author":"Figueroa-Santiago","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002860","article-title":"Comparative assessment of ELISAs using recombinant Saposin-like protein 2 and recombinant Cathepsin L-1 from Fasciola hepatica for the Serodiagnosis of human Fasciolosis","volume":"8","author":"Gottstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.03.002","article-title":"Expression, purification and in vitro refolding of the recombinant truncated Saposin-like protein 2 antigen for development of diagnosis of human fascioliasis","volume":"171","author":"Mirzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3860928","article-title":"Comparative diagnosis of serum IgG1 and Coproantigen ELISA for fasciolosis detection of goats in Mexico","volume":"2016","author":"Villa-Mancera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.07.002","article-title":"Assessment of Fasciola hepatica glutathione S-transferase as an antigen for serodiagnosis of human chronic fascioliasis","volume":"186","author":"Aguayo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5696-3","article-title":"Comparative assessment of recombinant and native immunogenic forms of Fasciola hepatica proteins for serodiagnosis of sheep fasciolosis","volume":"117","author":"Mokhtarian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5809-7","article-title":"Comparison of recombinant cathepsins L1, L2, and L5 as ELISA targets for serodiagnosis of bovine and ovine fascioliasis","volume":"117","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Sern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-308x(08)60243-2","article-title":"Proteinases and associated genes of parasitic helminths","volume":"43","author":"Tort","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.01.020","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of aspartic proteases in eight parasitic platyhelminths: insights into functions and evolution","volume":"559","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.11.012","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica virulence-associated cysteine peptidases: a systems biology perspective","volume":"14","author":"McVeigh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2678-8","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a dipstick assay in diagnosis of human fasciolosis","volume":"110","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161621","article-title":"Evaluation of the performance of five diagnostic tests for Fasciola hepatica infection in naturally infected cattle using a Bayesian no gold standard approach","volume":"11","author":"Mazeri","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1992.9694354","article-title":"Use of a pre-selected epitope of cathepsin-L1 in a highly specific peptide-based immunoassay for the diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infections in cattle","volume":"29","author":"Cornelissen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00175-8","article-title":"Early immunodiagnosis of fasciolosis in ruminants using recombinant Fasciola hepatica cathepsin L-like protease","volume":"31","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement (reprinted from annals of internal medicine)","volume":"89","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102011000200021","article-title":"QUADAS e STARD: avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da qualidade de estudos de acur\u00e1cia de testes diagn\u00f3sticos","volume":"45","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W1","DOI":"10.7326\/00034819138-1-200301070-00012-w1","article-title":"The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: explanation and elaboration","volume":"138","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.06.011","article-title":"Bivariate meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity with sparse data: a generalized linear mixed model approach","volume":"59","author":"Chu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0724-x","article-title":"Development of an interactive web-based tool to conduct and interrogate meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies: MetaDTA","volume":"19","author":"Freeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1283","article-title":"Guidance for deriving and presenting percentage study weights in meta-analysis of test accuracy studies","volume":"9","author":"Burke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1439","article-title":"Graphical enhancements to summary receiver operating characteristic plots to facilitate the analysis and reporting of meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy data","volume":"12","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00487-12","article-title":"Evaluation and characterization of Fasciola hepatica tegument protein extract for serodiagnosis of human fascioliasis","volume":"19","author":"Morales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.17843\/rpmesp.2010.274.1529","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de una prueba de ELISA con ant\u00edgeno metab\u00f3lico de Fasciola hepatica para el diagn\u00f3stico de fasciolosis humana en Cajamarca, Per\u00fa","volume":"27","author":"Cornejo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Peru Med Exp Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1079\/joh2005303","article-title":"Fas2-ELISA in the detection of human infection by Fasciola hepatica","volume":"79","author":"Espinoza","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00431-5","article-title":"Diagnosis of human fasciolosis in the Gilan province of northern Iran: application of cathepsin L-ELISA","volume":"44","author":"Rokni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.1.174-177.2001","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a micro-ELISA","volume":"8","author":"Carnevale","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90178-5","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis with Fasciola hepatica cysteine proteinases","volume":"93","author":"C\u00f3rdova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/405740","article-title":"Performance of a 27 kDa Fasciola hepatica antigen in the diagnosis of human fascioliasis","volume":"2014","author":"Shafiei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lab Phys"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"18","article-title":"Evaluation of fast-ELISA versus standard-ELISA to diagnose human fasciolosis","volume":"14","author":"Rahimi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.738","article-title":"Parasite-specific antibody profile in human fascioliasis: application for immunodiagnosis of infection","volume":"61","author":"Maher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"178","article-title":"Serological and coprological studies of bovine fasciolosis in the Pothwar region","volume":"35","author":"Mufti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pakistan Pak Vet J"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"411","article-title":"Use of indirect excretory\/secretory enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ES-ELISA) for the diagnosis of natural Fasciola hepatica infection in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic cattle from eastern Turkey","volume":"30","author":"\u015eim\u015fek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turkish J Vet Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2004.08.005","article-title":"Development of an antibody-detection ELISA for Fasciola hepatica and its evaluation against a commercially available test","volume":"78","author":"Salimi-Bejestani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(95)00831-4","article-title":"Herd evaluation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep and cattle from the Altiplano of Bolivia","volume":"61","author":"Hillyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.16988\/iuvfd.2015.14154","article-title":"Comparison of dot-ELISA and ELISA techniques for detection of Fasciola hepatica in sheep using excretory-secretory antigens","volume":"41","author":"Heidari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Istanbul Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"170","article-title":"Use of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of Fasciola hepatica in diagnosis of sheep by ELISA","volume":"7","author":"Kooshan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-74RI.1","article-title":"Optimized serodiagnosis of sheep fascioliasis by fast-D protein liquid chromatography fractionation of Fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory antigens","volume":"89","author":"Mezo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02875-13","article-title":"Development of two antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for serodiagnosis of human chronic fascioliasis","volume":"52","author":"Cab\u00e1n-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"79","article-title":"Evaluation of two serological tests in diagnosis of human cases of biliary and ectopic fascioliasis","volume":"32","author":"el-Shazly","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1252454\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T10:39:43Z","timestamp":1693478383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1252454\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2023.1252454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1252454","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"article-number":"1252454"}}