{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:08:39Z","timestamp":1790712519149,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) are common blood-feeding ectoparasites, which have important economic significance. Limited mitochondrial genome information has impeded the study of flea biology, population genetics and phylogenetics. The <jats:italic>Ctenophthalmus quadratus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Stenischia humilis<\/jats:italic> complete mt genomes are described in this study. The samples were collected from Jianchuan, Yunnan plague foci, China. The mt genomes of <jats:italic>C. quadratus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. humilis<\/jats:italic> were 15,938\u2009bp and 15,617\u2009bp, respectively. The gene arrangement of mt genome was consistent with that of other fleas, which include 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and two rRNA genes, with a total of 37 genes. The relationship between <jats:italic>C. quadratus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. humilis<\/jats:italic> in fleas was inferred by phylogenetic analysis of mt genome sequence datasets. Phylogenetic analyzes showed that the <jats:italic>C. quadratus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. humilis<\/jats:italic> belonged to different species in the same family, and were closely related to <jats:italic>Hystrichopsylla weida qinlingensis<\/jats:italic> in the same family; and revealed that the family Hystrichopsyllidae is paraphyletic, supporting the monophyly of the order Siphonaptera. This study decodes the complete mt genomes of the <jats:italic>C. quadratus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. humilis<\/jats:italic> for the first time. The results demonstrate that the <jats:italic>C. quadratus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. humilis<\/jats:italic> are distinct species, and fleas are monophyletic. Analysis of mt genome provides novel molecular data for further studying the phylogeny and evolution of fleas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1255017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T16:33:53Z","timestamp":1694622833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Complete mitochondrial genome of Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Stenischia humilis in China provides insights into fleas phylogeny"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-yan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-dan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan-fu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.11.011","article-title":"Fleas 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