{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:32:13Z","timestamp":1793053933195,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae,<\/jats:italic> such as <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, are emerging as a serious threat to global health due to their rapid spread and their multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. However, limited information is available regarding the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in the United States dairy farms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and AMR pattern of ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in East Tennessee dairy cattle farms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectal fecal samples from dairy cattle (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009508) and manure (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930), water (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919), and feed samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) were collected from 14 farms. The presumptive <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was isolated on CHROMagar\u2122 ESBL and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 572 fecal and farm environmental samples, a total of 233 (41%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009572) ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> were identified. The prevalence of fecal ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was 47.5% (95% CI: 46.2\u201349.2). The within-farm prevalence of ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> ranged from 8 to 100%. Recent treatment history with third-generation cephalosporins (3GC), cow parity \u22653, and calves were the independent risk factors associated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) with fecal carriage of ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. Overall, 99.6% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u2009231) ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> tested were phenotypically resistant to at least one of the 14 antimicrobial agents tested. The most common AMR phenotypes were against beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin (99.1%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009231 isolates), and ceftriaxone (98.7%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009231). Most ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates (94.4%) were MDR (resistance to \u22653 antimicrobial classes), of which 42.6% showed co-resistance to at least six classes of antimicrobials. ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates with concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone, ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and chloramphenicol are widespread and detected in all the farms. The detection of MDR ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> suggests that dairy cattle can be a reservoir for these bacteria, highlighting the associated public health risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1260433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T07:34:30Z","timestamp":1702884870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in East Tennessee dairy farms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Benti D.","family":"Gelalcha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aga E.","family":"Gelgie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oudessa","family":"Kerro Dego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1715339","article-title":"Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the local farm environment and livestock: challenges to mitigate antimicrobial resistance","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2021.0101","article-title":"Prevalence of antimicrobial resistant and extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle farms in East Tennessee","volume":"19","author":"Gelalcha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.10.1696","article-title":"Association between ceftiofur use and isolation of Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone from fecal samples of dairy cows","volume":"67","author":"Tragesser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9001","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11134","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for extended spectrum beta-lactamase and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in dairy farms","volume":"99","author":"Gonggrijp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"117","article-title":"Antimicrobial Usage for the Management of Mastitis in the USA: Impacts on Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Alternative Approaches","volume-title":"In the Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Sheep and goats","author":"Gelalcha","year":""},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639641","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.639641","article-title":"What is success? 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