{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:05:20Z","timestamp":1791839120379,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study describes the challenges of assisted reproduction in Romanian buffaloes while increasing the efficacy of artificial insemination by choosing the most suitable method. The modified fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol with sexed semen was used to increase the conception rate. This study included a total of 80 buffalo heifers that received ovarian stimulation using the OvSynch protocol. Two groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 40), namely, a control group, in which the classic FTAI method was performed, and an experimental group, in which deep intrauterine AI was performed in cows that had developed a dominant follicle (US+UcFTAI), were randomly selected. The conception rate (CR) was 63.6% in the experimental group, which was statistically higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) than the control group (30%). The ultrasound examination indicated that, using the OvSynch protocol, 82.5% (33 out of 40) of buffaloes developed a dominant follicle (DF) while the distribution between the warm and cold seasons was 75 and 90%, respectively. The CR was 60% during the hot season and 66.6% during the cold season. At calving, 92.5% female fetuses were born. The improved FTAI method in this study enhanced the results by reducing the waste of sexed semen and maximizing the response to OvSynch, making it a recommendation for practitioners. This study presents preliminary results and highlights that genetic progress is difficult to achieve. A systematic approach is needed in order to choose the most suitable biotechnological method for each farm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1265060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T22:07:16Z","timestamp":1698444436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Upgrading the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol in Romanian buffaloes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Stefan Gregore","family":"Ciornei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petru","family":"Ro\u015fca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.1466-1470","article-title":"Estrus induction and fertility response following different treatment protocols in Murrah buffaloes under field conditions","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary World."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-89132013000400007","article-title":"Estrus synchronization and Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) in dairy buffaloes during seasonal anestrus","volume":"56","author":"Frares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz Arch Biol Technol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14013","article-title":"Effects of age and season on conception rate of Mediterranean Italian Dairy Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) following oestrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination","volume":"56","author":"Otava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646247","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.646247","article-title":"GPGMH, a new fixed timed-AI synchronization regimen for swamp and river crossbred buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"8","author":"Abulaiti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091208","article-title":"Follicular dynamics during estrous cycle of pubertal, mature and postpartum crossbred (Nili Ravi \u00d7 Jianghan) buffaloes","volume":"12","author":"Abulaiti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"LilianaC\n          Research on the implementation of biotechnical methods to stimulate the reproductive function of buffaloes (Carpathian Indigenous Buffalo)2021"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Identification, monitoring and conservation of the biodiversity of the national heritage ofthe Romanian buffalo breed, using breeding biotechnologies","author":"Toba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harnessing Tangible and Intangible Assets in the Context of European Integration and Globalization: Challenges Ahead"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Reproductive Biotehnologies, Practical Guide","author":"Ciornei","year":"2021"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617128","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.617128","article-title":"Genetic features of reproductive traits in bovine and buffalo: Lessons from bovine to buffalo","volume":"12","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2004.08.016","article-title":"Deep intrauterine insemination in cattle","volume":"32","author":"Van Soom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-89132012000300006","article-title":"Comparison between deep intracornual artificial insemination (dIAI) and conventional artificial insemination (AI) using low concentration of spermatozoa in beef cattle","volume":"55","author":"Meirelles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz Arch Biol Technol."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"348","article-title":"Seasonality of clinical estrus in buffalos","volume":"59","author":"Ghine\u0163","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lucr\u0103ri \u015etiin,tifice-Medicin\u0103 Veterinar\u0103, Universitatea de\u015ftiin\u0163e Agricole \u015fi Medicin\u0103 Veterinar\u0103 Ion Ionescu de la Brad Ia\u015fi"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"442","article-title":"Induction of estrus in buffalo by luteolysis management (single PGF and dual administration). 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