{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:11:43Z","timestamp":1781277103024,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 7-year-old castrated male Munchkin cat was presented with anorexia. This cat had been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidney disease. Tachycardia with a systolic murmur (grade III\/VI) was auscultated and for further diagnosis, echocardiography was performed. Based on echocardiography, persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) was suspected due to enlargement of the coronary sinus and confirmed by saline contrast echocardiography. The dilated coronary sinus compressed the left atrium, and left ventricular hypertrophy with the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, aortic regurgitation, and mitral regurgitation were identified. After medical management using atenolol, left atrial function and other hemodynamics of the heart were improved, including the disappearance of regurgitation and normalization of left ventricular wall thickness. This case report describes the echocardiographic characteristics, diagnostic procedures, and disease progression in a cat with PLCVC after medical management using atenolol. Additionally, this is the first report of a cat with PLCVC, coexisting with polycystic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1268493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T11:30:51Z","timestamp":1696505451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case report: A novel occurrence of persistent left cranial vena cava coexisting with polycystic kidney disease in a cat"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ye-Eun","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woong-Bin","family":"Ro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Ji","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Myung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2004)18<895:ctsapl>2.0.co;2","article-title":"Cor triatriatum sinister and persistent left cranial vena cava in a kitten","volume":"18","author":"Heaney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava: a rare cardiac malformation","volume":"31","author":"Scurtu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Romana Med Vet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-020-00906-2","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava: clinical importance and differential diagnoses","volume":"11","author":"Azizova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.14405\/kjvr.2016.56.3.193","article-title":"Persistent left cranial vena cava with congenital heart defect in two dogs","volume":"56","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22890","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.22890","article-title":"Isolated persistent left superior vena cava associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): challenges and clinical significance","volume":"14","author":"Samara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb02101.x","article-title":"Dilated coronary sinus in a dog with persistent left cranial vena cava","volume":"38","author":"Del Palacio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2016-084","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava","volume":"28","author":"Ho\u0142da","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.12729\/jbtr.2019.20.4.110","article-title":"Complete type persistent left cranial vena cava with patent ductus arteriosus in a bichon Frise dog","volume":"20","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Transl Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0695","article-title":"Imaging characteristics of persistent left cranial vena cava incidentally diagnosed with computed tomography in dogs","volume":"78","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90468-5","article-title":"Can a dilated coronary sinus produce left ventricular inflow obstruction? 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