{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:59:22Z","timestamp":1782892762244,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transition of young lambs and calves from a non-ruminating to a ruminating animal include substantial, developmental changes to alter saliva production. Due to the simultaneous development of the forestomach system, the salivary glands must transfer more and more substances such as bicarbonate and phosphate (Pi), but also sodium (Na), into saliva in order to create and to maintain optimal environmental conditions for microbial metabolism. The objective of the present study was to characterize the effects of different dietary energy levels on the ability of the salivary glands to concentrate minerals in young ruminants in more detail during the first 7\u2009weeks of life. Blood and saliva samples were collected from twelve female calves of the German Holstein breed fed different levels of milk replacer. Plasma and saliva samples were collected over 7\u2009weeks postpartum and Na, Pi and potassium (K) concentrations were measured. Salivary Na and Pi concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.001) increased as a function of time and were not affected by varying energy intake, while K concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;\u20090.001) decreased over the developmental period and was also not affected by energy intake. This suggests that the ability to specifically concentrate minerals such as Na and Pi in saliva follows a genetic program in the salivary glands rather than being influenced by dietary factors such as energy intake in young ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1294899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T08:04:21Z","timestamp":1702973061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Postnatal development of salivary phosphate, sodium and potassium secretion in calves"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Muscher-Banse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Daenicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"D\u00e4nicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Breves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092642","article-title":"Regulation of phosphorus homeostasis by the type iia na\/phosphate cotransporter","volume":"25","author":"Tenenhouse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R14","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00100.2003","article-title":"Body sodium and volume homeostasis","volume":"285","author":"Skott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Reg I"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01517.x","article-title":"Potassium homeostasis: ontogenic aspects","volume":"87","author":"Aizman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R816","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1989.256.4.R816","article-title":"Role of rumen and saliva in the homeostatic response to rehydration in cattle","volume":"256","author":"Silanikove","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R809","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1989.256.4.R809","article-title":"Rumen volume, saliva flow-rate, and systemic fluid homeostasis in dehydrated cattle","volume":"256","author":"Silanikove","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Phys"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R413","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00357.2002","article-title":"Ontogenesis of epithelial phosphate transport systems in goats","volume":"284","author":"Huber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1080405","article-title":"Aldosterone regulates salivary sodium-secretion in cattle","volume":"108","author":"Riad","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1999.60.09.1074","article-title":"Assessment of sodium status in large ruminants by measuring the sodium-to-potassium ratio in muzzle secretions","volume":"60","author":"Singh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9730913","article-title":"Importance of salivary-glands in maintenance of phosphorus homeostasis in sheep","volume":"24","author":"Clark","year":"1973","journal-title":"Aust J Agric Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19610062","article-title":"Saliva secretion and its relation to feeding in cattle.4. 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