{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:36:40Z","timestamp":1753893400409,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current vaccination protocols raise concerns about the efficacy of immunization. There is evidence that changes in the gut microbiota can impact immune response. The formation of the gut microbiota in newborns plays a crucial role in immunity. Probiotic bacteria and prebiotics present important health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, we hypothesize that pro and prebiotic supplementation can improve the efficacy of vaccination in newborns. In this protocol, newborn mice were used and treated with a single-dose rabies vaccine combined with Nuxcell Neo<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (2 g\/animal\/week) for 3 weeks. Samples were collected on days 7, 14, and 21 after vaccination for analysis of cytokines and concentration of circulating antibodies. Our results show an increased concentration of antibodies in animals vaccinated against rabies and simultaneously treated with Nuxcell Neo<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> on days 14 and 21 when compared to the group receiving only the vaccine. In the cytokine levels analysis, it was possible to observe that there weren't relevant and significant changes between the groups, which demonstrates that the health of the animal remains stable. The results of our study confirm the promising impact of the use of Nuxcell Neo<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> on the immune response after vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1248811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T14:52:16Z","timestamp":1707835936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nuxcell Neo\u00ae improves vaccine efficacy in antibody response"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Fernandes Alves","family":"Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalia Coral","family":"Galvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica da Silva","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahisa","family":"Scussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00edrian \u013avens","family":"Fagundes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily da Silva","family":"C\u00f3rneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Rossetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Sargiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Andrez Machado","family":"de \u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.77","article-title":"DNA vaccines in veterinary use","volume":"8","author":"Redding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.01.080","article-title":"The expanded programme on immunization: a lasting legacy of smallpox eradication","volume":"29","author":"Okwo-Bele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.012","article-title":"Immune responses and protection in children in developing countries induced by oral vaccines","volume":"31","author":"Qadri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"journal-title":"Dr. Pitcairn's Complete Guide to Natural Health for Dogs and Cats","year":"2005","author":"Pitcairn","key":"B4"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211057","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota promote enteric virus replication and systemic pathogenesis","volume":"334","author":"Kuss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad2571","article-title":"The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development","volume":"351","author":"G\u00f3mez de Ag\u00fcero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.04.009","article-title":"Early-life antibiotic-driven dysbiosis leads to dysregulated vaccine immune responses in mice","volume":"23","author":"Lynn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e362","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3937","article-title":"Stool microbiota and vaccine responses of infants","volume":"134","author":"Huda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20181489","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1489","article-title":"Bifdobacterium abundance in early infancy and vaccine response at 2 years of age","volume":"143","author":"Huda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2943-4","article-title":"An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities","volume":"76","author":"Adak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12567","article-title":"Gut microbiota: role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease","volume":"279","author":"Pickard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/20163211011","article-title":"Gut microbiota and development of the immune system","volume":"32","author":"Gaboriau-Routhiau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18848","article-title":"The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease","volume":"535","author":"Honda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040622319860653","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622319860653","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus  GG attenuates tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-induced bone loss in male mice via gut-microbiota-dependent anti-inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai9383","article-title":"Vaginal bacteria modify HIV tenofovir microbicide efficacy in African women","volume":"356","author":"Klatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","article-title":"Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","article-title":"Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors","volume":"359","author":"Routy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5920","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients","volume":"371","author":"Baruch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.003","article-title":"Pathogenic autoreactive T and B cells cross-react with mimotopes expressed by a common human gut commensal to trigger autoimmunity","volume":"26","author":"Ruff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24072","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24072","article-title":"Th17 responses and natural IgM antibodies are related to gut microbiota composition in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"6","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6703-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: characteristics, biomarker identification, and usefulness in clinical prediction","volume":"21","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0137429","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137429","article-title":"Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of patients with multiple sclerosis, with a striking depletion of species belonging to clostridia XIVa and IV clusters","volume":"10","author":"Miyake","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082795","article-title":"Effect of diet and dietary components on the composition of the gut microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Beam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113164","article-title":"High-fat, western-style diet, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Malesza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040946","article-title":"The relationship between the infant gut microbiota and allergy. The role of Bifidobacterium breve and prebiotic oligosaccharides in the activation of anti-allergic mechanisms in early life","volume":"12","author":"Cukrowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180116163411","article-title":"Probiotics and paraprobiotics in viral infection: clinical application and effects on the innate and acquired immune systems","volume":"24","author":"Kanauchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111175","article-title":"Effect of probiotics and prebiotics on immune response to influenza vaccination in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513000251","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 from weaning reduces local immunoglobulin production in lymphoid-associated tissues but increases systemic antibodies in healthy neonates","volume":"110","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00028-7","article-title":"Neonatal and early life vaccinology","volume":"19","author":"Siegrist","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940454","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.940454","article-title":"Probiotics and probiotic-based vaccines: a novel approach for improving vaccine efficacy","volume":"9","author":"Kazemifard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz191","article-title":"Short-term dietary reduction of branched-chain amino acids reduces meal-induced insulin secretion and modifies microbiome composition in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled crossover trial","volume":"110","author":"Karusheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1873-0","article-title":"Obesity and mental health improvement following nutritional education focusing on gut microbiota composition in Japanese women: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"58","author":"Uemura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.08.009","article-title":"TLR5-mediated sensing of gut microbiota is necessary for antibody responses to seasonal influenza vaccination","volume":"41","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9378","article-title":"How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system","volume":"352","author":"Gensollen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.25","article-title":"The influence of commensal bacteria on infection with enteric viruses","volume":"2015","author":"Karst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005997","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005997","article-title":"The impact of the gut microbiota on humoral immunity to pathogens and vaccination in early infancy","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000141955.47550.A0","article-title":"Increased poliovirus-specific intestinal antibody response coincides with promotion of Bifidobacterium longum-infantis and Bifidobacterium breve in infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Mulli\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.01.020","article-title":"Effect of probiotic supplementation in the first 6 months of life on specific antibody responses to infant Hepatitis B vaccination","volume":"28","author":"Soh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2018.1451738","article-title":"Oral supplementation of Bifidobacterium longum strain BR-108 alters cecal microbiota by stimulating gut immune system in mice irrespectively of viability","volume":"82","author":"Makioka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70093-9","article-title":"Probiotics: a novel approach in the management of food allergy","volume":"99","author":"Majamaa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-015-0025-3","article-title":"Effects of Bifidobacterium supplementation on intestinal microbiota composition and the immune response in healthy infants","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1248811\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T14:52:18Z","timestamp":1707835938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1248811\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2024.1248811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1248811","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-1769"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"article-number":"1248811"}}