{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:26:22Z","timestamp":1791919582054,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant extracts have shown promise as natural feed additives to improve animal health and growth. Ellagic acid (EA), widely present in various plant tissues, offers diverse biological benefits. However, limited research has explored its effects on ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary addition EA on rumen metabolism, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and growth performance in Kazakh sheep. Ten 5-month-old Kazakh sheep with similar body weight (BW), fitted with rumen fistulas, were randomly assigned to two groups: the CON group (basal diet) and the EA group (basal diet + 30 mg\/kg BW EA). The experiment lasted 30 days, and individual growth performance was assessed under identical feeding and management conditions. During the experimental period, rumen fluid, fecal, and blood samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated a trend toward increased average daily gain in the EA group compared to the CON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.094). Compared with the CON group, the rumen contents of acetic acid and propionic acid were significantly increased in the EA group and reached the highest value at 2 h to 4 h after feeding (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, the relative abundances of specific rumen microbiota (Ruminococcaceae, <jats:italic>uncultured_rumen_bacterium, unclassified<\/jats:italic>_<jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, Bacteroidales, <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic>, Bacteroidia, <jats:italic>unclassified_Rikenellaceae<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Prevotella_spBP1_145<\/jats:italic>) at the family and genus levels were significantly higher in the EA group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) compared to the CON group. The EA group exhibited significantly higher dry matter intake (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) and increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and ether extract when compared with the CON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, the plasma activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly higher, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly lower in the EA group compared to the CON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 30 mg\/kg BW EA in 5-month-old Kazakh sheep increased the dry matter intakQ16e, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract, as well as the contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in rumen fluid. Moreover, EA supplementation regulated the ruminal microbiota, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and improved daily weight gain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T04:59:25Z","timestamp":1707195565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of dietary addition of ellagic acid on rumen metabolism, nutrient apparent digestibility, and growth performance in Kazakh sheep"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feier","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjiang","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040879","article-title":"Advances in the application of phytogenic extracts as antioxidants and their potential mechanisms in ruminants","volume":"12","author":"Piao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0633-9492","article-title":"A pharmacological update of ellagic acid","volume":"84","author":"R\u00edos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122745","article-title":"Recent advances in the production and applications of ellagic acid and its derivatives: a review","volume":"25","author":"Evtyugin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070587","article-title":"Antioxidative action of ellagic acid-A kinetic DFT study","volume":"9","author":"Tosovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-20838","article-title":"Growth performance, digestibility, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial communities in response to the inclusion of gallic acid in the starter feed of preweaning dairy calves","volume":"105","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(02)00145-0","article-title":"Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of ascorbic acid and gallic acid","volume":"79","author":"Yen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5996","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5537","article-title":"Effects of adding a concentrated pomegranate-residue extract to the ration of lactating cows on in vivo digestibility and profile of rumen bacterial population","volume":"95","author":"Jami","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980271","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.980271","article-title":"Dietary supplementation ellagic acid on the growth, intestinal immune response, microbiota, and inflammation in weaned piglets","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.08.004","article-title":"Dietary ellagic acid supplementation attenuates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by regulating gut microbiota in weanling piglets","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2005.09.004","article-title":"The dietary hydrolysable tannin punicalagin releases ellagic acid that induces apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells by using the mitochondrial pathway","volume":"17","author":"Larrosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nure Biochem"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2005-590","article-title":"Effects of condensed tannins supplementation level on weight gain and in vitro and in vivo bloat precursors in steers grazing winter wheat","volume":"84","author":"Min","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003245","article-title":"Consequences of plant phenolic compounds for productivity and health of ruminants","volume":"62","author":"Waghorn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.103940","article-title":"When changing the hay makes a difference: a series of case reports","volume":"113","author":"Cavallini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14070430","article-title":"Effects of turmeric powder on aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxicol excretion in milk from dairy cows exposed to aflatoxin B1 at the Eu maximum tolerable levels","volume":"14","author":"Girolami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Van Soest","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B16","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed.","year":"1990"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53378-w","article-title":"Environmental sustainability assessment of tropical dairy buffalo farming vis-a-vis sustainable feed replacement strategy","volume":"9","author":"Reddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69915-x","article-title":"Ruminal volatile fatty acid absorption is affected by elevated ambient temperature","volume":"10","author":"Bedford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7010138","article-title":"Important poisonous plants in tibetan ethnomedicine","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat methods."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7001","article-title":"Role of ellagic acid for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases","volume":"35","author":"Aishwarya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1980.505952x","article-title":"Forage characteristics related to intake, digestibility and gain by ruminants","volume":"50","author":"Lippke","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113184","article-title":"Growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant status of sheep supplemented with tannins: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Orzuna-Orzuna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4143","article-title":"Meta-analyses of effects of phytochemicals on digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics associated with methanogenesis","volume":"90","author":"Patra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-S1-S4","article-title":"Whole plant extracts versus single compounds for the treatment of malaria: synergy and positive interactions","volume":"10","author":"Rasoanaivo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8469","article-title":"Impact of ruminal pH on enteric methane emissions","volume":"93","author":"H\u00fcnerberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.005","article-title":"Technology Digestion and body weight change in Tuj lambs receiving oak (Quercus hartwissiana) leaves with and without PEG","volume":"122","author":"Yildiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(01)00246-2","article-title":"Post-ruminal protein supply and N retention of weaner sheep fed on a basal diet of lucerne hay (Medicago sativa) with increasing levels of quebracho tannins","volume":"92","author":"Komolong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0249-x","article-title":"Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation","volume":"9","author":"Hartinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1505176","article-title":"The rumen microbiome: a crucial consideration when optimising milk and meat production and nitrogen utilisation efficiency","volume":"10","author":"Matthews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2023.115791","article-title":"Effect of ellagic and gallic acid on the mitigation of methane production and ammonia formation in an in vitro model of short-term rumen fermentation","volume":"305","author":"Manoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10745","article-title":"Effect of quebracho-chestnut tannin extracts at 2 dietary crude protein levels on performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows","volume":"99","author":"Aguerre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12029","article-title":"Manipulation of ruminal fermentation and methane production by supplementation of rain tree pod meal containing tannins and saponins in growing dairy steers","volume":"98","author":"Anantasook","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1071\/AN19448","article-title":"Tannin-rich forage as a methane mitigation strategy for cattle and the implications for rumen microbiota","volume":"61","author":"Fagundes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041184","article-title":"Seasonal influence on rumen microbiota, rumen fermentation, and enteric methane emissions of holstein and jersey steers under the same total mixed ration","volume":"11","author":"Islam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13203","article-title":"Seasonal differences in rumen bacterial flora of wild Hokkaido sika deer and partial characterization of an unknown bacterial group possibly involved in fiber digestion in winter","volume":"90","author":"Yamano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Sci J."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"005056","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005056","article-title":"Valid publication of the names of forty- two phyla of prokaryotes","volume":"71","author":"Oren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051053","article-title":"Seasonal and nutrient supplement responses in rumen microbiota structure and metabolites of tropical rangeland cattle","volume":"9","author":"Martinez-Fernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-018-8024-4","article-title":"The Ruminococci: key symbionts of the gut ecosystem","volume":"56","author":"La Reau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbiol."},{"key":"B40","first-page":"118","article-title":"Ruminant nutrition research in South Africa during the decade 1985\/1995","volume":"25","author":"Paulsmeier","year":"1995","journal-title":"S Afr J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skad232","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad232","article-title":"Effect of ellagic acid on body weight, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and urolithin A metabolism in Thoroughbred horses","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4800","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164800","article-title":"Evaluation of the free radical scavenging activities of ellagic acid and ellagic acid peracetate by EPR spectrometry","volume":"26","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751501","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.751501","article-title":"The effect of ellagic acid on hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in mice","volume":"12","author":"Xu QY Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091180","article-title":"Ellagic acid improves antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier function of heat-stressed broilers via regulating gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.10.018","article-title":"Regulation of an antioxidant blend on intestinal redox status and major microbiota in early weaned piglets","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507832971","article-title":"Selected vitamins and traceelements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses","volume":"98","author":"Maggini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brit J Nutr."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2006.01913.x","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus strains on cancer cell proliferation and oxidative stress in vitro","volume":"42","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.044297-0","article-title":"Oxidative stress-related responses of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 at the proteomic level after exposure to oxygen","volume":"157","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiology."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334026\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T04:59:29Z","timestamp":1707195569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334026\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"article-number":"1334026"}}