{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:18:30Z","timestamp":1790083110771,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001503","name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IXX00257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IXX00257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glanders is a highly infectious and notifiable disease of equines that occurs due to <jats:italic>Burkholderia mallei<\/jats:italic>. In India, glanders re-emerged in 2006 and thereafter regular outbreaks have been reported in various states (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914). Frequent and prolonged contact with equids with glanders may transmit <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> infection to humans. This study was designed to learn more about the Knowledge, Awareness and Perception (KAP) of veterinarians, para veterinarians, and physicians about equine glanders, which will help in enhancing the nation-wide glanders eradication programme. A total of 165 respondent\u2019s from 11 Indian states and one union territory were surveyed. Most of the respondents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009160) were from equine glanders affected or endemic states. Knowledge gap analysis revealed that 40.3 and 22% of the participants were not aware of government regulations and the transmission of glanders, respectively. These are major concerns given the wide spread occurrence of disease in the country. Awareness test on glanders revealed that 65(39.4%) participants would collect biological samples for laboratory confirmation, 67(40.6%) would inform the concerned authorities and 106 (64.2%) replied that they would eliminate the glanders infected equines. Analysis of perception towards equine glanders showed that majority of the participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009113, 68.4%) observed that equine keepers were reluctant to disclose the clinical symptoms of <jats:italic>B. mallei<\/jats:italic> infection. Furthermore, non-co-operation and unwillingness by superiors (33.9%), financial (31%), administrative (28.4%), and technical limitations (27.8%) were major constraints under the perception analysis. This study reveals that veterinarians need to be educated on governmental policies and guidelines on equine glanders with regular training and awareness programs. Intersectoral co-ordination to investigate human glanders is also needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T12:19:22Z","timestamp":1710418762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Knowledge, awareness and perception about equine glanders among veterinarians and medical professionals in India"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Raj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anubha","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanmugasundaram","family":"Karuppusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhupendra Nath","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hema","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harisankar","family":"Singha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2007.00949.x","article-title":"Glanders: off to the races with Burkholderia mallei","volume":"277","author":"Whitlock","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2012.01342.x","article-title":"Glanders in animals: a review on epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and countermeasures","volume":"60","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13071","article-title":"Burkholderia mallei: the dynamics of networks and disease transmission","volume":"66","author":"Cardenas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13475","article-title":"Serological surveillance and clinical investigation of glanders among indigenous equines in India from 2015 to 2018","volume":"67","author":"Singha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12599","article-title":"Glanders and the risk for its introduction through the international movement of horses","volume":"48","author":"Kettle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20200054","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0054-2020","article-title":"Clinical repercussions of glanders (Burkholderia mallei infection) in a Brazilian child: a case report","volume":"53","author":"J\u00fanior","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm200107263450404","article-title":"Glanders in a military research microbiologist","volume":"345","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1071\/ma20011","article-title":"Glanders: re-emergence of an ancient zoonosis","volume":"41","author":"Ellis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol Aust"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.12691\/ajidm-10-3-2","article-title":"Glanders: a potential bioterrorism weapon disease","volume":"10","author":"Pal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Infect Dis Microbiol"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":""},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03233-4","article-title":"First glanders cases detected in Nepal underscore the need for surveillance and border controls","volume":"18","author":"Koirala","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.23975\/BJVETR.2022.175772","article-title":"Seroprevalence study of glanders in south part of Iraq","volume":"21","author":"Hmood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basrah J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.18805\/ijar.b-976","article-title":"Glanders in horses in some selected areas of Bangladesh and comparison between CFT and immunoblot used for the screening of glanders","volume":"54","author":"Rahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind J Animal Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-010-0027-8","article-title":"Re-emergence of glanders in India \u2014 report of Maharashtra state","volume":"50","author":"Malik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000129","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreco-2015-000129","article-title":"Incidence of Burkholderia mallei infection among indigenous equines in India","volume":"2","author":"Malik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Record Open"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"777pp","article-title":"Norman DA","volume-title":"Human information processing: an introduction to psychology: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc","author":"Lindsay","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539520930500","article-title":"Serological survey of humans exposed to Burkholderia mallei\u2013infected equids: a public health approach","volume":"32","author":"Singha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104779","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among veterinarians during an outbreak of canine leptospirosis\u2014Maricopa County, Arizona, 2017","volume":"172","author":"Jenni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpopen.2022.100083","article-title":"Exploring the strategies for upgrading the rural unqualified health practitioners in West Bengal, India: a knowledge, attitude and practices assessment-based approach","volume":"3","author":"Debsarma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Policy Open"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.031","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of glanders in working equines \u2013 findings of a cross-sectional study in Punjab province of Pakistan","volume":"176","author":"Ghori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"722","article-title":"The eradication of glanders in Canada","volume":"43","author":"Derbyshire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00229-9","article-title":"Multicomponent gold nanoglycoconjugate as a highly immunogenic and protective platform against Burkholderia mallei","volume":"5","author":"Tapia","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.11.057","article-title":"Protection of non-human primates against glanders with a gold nanoparticle glycoconjugate vaccine","volume":"33","author":"Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-017-0058-6","article-title":"The resurrection of Glanders in a new epidemiological scenario: a beneficiary of \u201cglobal change\u201d","volume":"4","author":"Elschner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Reports"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334485\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T12:19:27Z","timestamp":1710418767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334485\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1334485","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"article-number":"1334485"}}