{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:29:08Z","timestamp":1787027348029,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dairy industry growth faces challenges in China due to inadequate forage, leading to high-concentrate diets and potential rumen issues. Buffering agents, like sodium bicarbonate, play a crucial role in stabilizing rumen pH. Alkaline Mineral Complex (AMC), a liquid additive with a pH of 14, shows promise in supporting dairy cow health and mitigating heat stress through ionization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This experiment was aimed to study the effect of adding AMC to total mixed ration (TMR) on\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      ruminal fermentation and bacterial composition. AMCat 1, 2, 4, and 8 mL\/kg was added to the substrate (0.5 g TMR). Nutrient digestibility was measured after 48 h fermentation, and fermentation parameters and microbial composition were measured after 48 h fermentation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of the experiment indicated that: The different concentrations of AMC showed a significant impact on time taken for gas production to reach 1\/2 of the total gas production (HT) parameters (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Linear pH increase occurs at 6 and 24 h with rising AMC concentration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05), showing a quadratic trend at 12 h (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). The optimal buffering effect on rumen acid-base balance was observed at a 2 mL\/kg concentration of AMC. Microbial diversity analysis indicated that there was no significant change in \u03b1-diversity with different AMC concentrations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05). The microbial level demonstrated no significant difference in species diversity of rumen fluid bacteria among the various AMC concentration treatment groups compared to the control group, further supporting that the advantage of adding AMC in stabilizing the rumen environment without altering the structure of the rumen microbiota. Besides, the addition of AMC significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, total fatty acids (TVFA), and NH3-N, suggesting that AMC contributed to enhancing the energy and nitrogen utilization efficiency in ruminants. Based on the above detection indicators, we recommend that the most favorable concentration is 2 mL\/kg.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1357738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:38:14Z","timestamp":1716338294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of dietary supplementation with alkaline mineral complex on in vitro ruminal fermentation and bacterial 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