{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:53:44Z","timestamp":1760648024002,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine circovirus disease (PCV) causes substantial economic losses in the pig industry, primarily from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3). Novel vaccines are necessary to prevent and control PCV infections. PCV coat proteins are crucial for eliciting immunogenic proteins that induce the production of antibodies and immune responses. A vaccine platform utilizing Semliki Forest virus RNA replicons expressing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), was recently developed. This platform generates virus-like vesicles (VLVs) containing VSV-G exclusively, excluding other viral structural proteins. In our study, we developed a novel virus-like vesicle vaccine by constructing recombinant virus-like vesicles (rVLVs) that also express EGFP. These rVLVs were created using the RNA replicon of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEEV) and New Jersey serotype VSV-G. The rVLVs underwent characterization and safety evaluation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Subsequently, rVLVs expressing PCV2d-Cap and PCV3-Cap proteins were constructed. Immunization of C57 mice with these rVLVs led to a significant increase in anti-porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3 capsid protein antibodies in mouse serum. Additionally, a cellular immune response was induced, as evidenced by high production of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 cytokines. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a novel porcine circovirus disease vaccine based on rVLVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1359421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T04:47:50Z","timestamp":1716353270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of a novel PCV2 and PCV3 vaccine using virus-like vesicles incorporating Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus-containing vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongshuang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianle","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-xia","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3247-y","article-title":"Revisiting 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