{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:44:14Z","timestamp":1779914654996,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical presentation, progression, treatment, and outcome of dogs with blastomycosis treated with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University veterinary teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen client-owned dogs with strongly suspected or confirmed blastomycosis treated with HFNOT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and main results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medical records of dogs with strongly suspected or confirmed blastomycosis between October 2019 and May 2023 that received HFNOT were evaluated. Nineteen dogs were included. Nine dogs were started directly on high-flow nasal oxygen therapy. The remaining 10 dogs first received traditional oxygen therapy and were then transitioned to HFNOT 3\u2013142\u2009h later. Of the 19 dogs, 1 survived to discharge from hospital, 12 were euthanized due to progression of disease, and 6 died during the hospitalization period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prognosis for survival of dogs with severe blastomycosis requiring therapy beyond traditional oxygen methods was poor to grave in this population. This is the first known documented report of HFNOT use in dogs with confirmed or suspected blastomycosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1369259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T05:25:25Z","timestamp":1717565125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case series of dogs with blastomycosis managed with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (2019\u20132023): 19 cases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Melanie","family":"Tarosky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenica L.","family":"Haraschak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Reinhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Billhymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(03)00035-4","article-title":"Update on canine and feline fungal diseases","volume":"33","author":"Kerl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Canine and feline infectious diseases","author":"Sykes","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.07.004","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of blastomycosis in dogs and cats","volume":"20","author":"Bromel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz110","article-title":"Prevalence, distribution, and risk factors for canine blastomycosis in Michigan, USA","volume":"58","author":"Shelnutt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.3.335","article-title":"Temporal and spatial distribution of blastomycosis cases among humans and dogs in Illinois (2001-2007)","volume":"239","author":"Herrmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAVA"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02082.x","article-title":"Treatment of blastomycosis with itraconazole in 112 dogs","volume":"6","author":"Legendre","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Veterin Intern Med"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Treatment of canine blastomycosis with amphotericin B and ketoconazole","volume":"184","author":"Legendre","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16041","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of the effects of Blastomyces antigen concentration in urine and radiographic findings on survival in dogs with blastomycosis","volume":"35","author":"Motschenbacher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.2.222","article-title":"Utility of diagnostic tests for and medical treatment of pulmonary blastomycosis in dogs: 125 (1989-2006)","volume":"232","author":"Crews","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12495","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of the effect of high flow oxygen therapy delivered by nasal cannula on PaO2 in dogs with moderate-to-severe hypoxemia","volume":"26","author":"Keir","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.09.0400","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula improves hypoxemia in dogs failing conventional oxygen therapy","volume":"261","author":"Frischer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2021.100596","article-title":"A review of high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in human and veterinary medicine","volume":"46","author":"Krawec","year":"2022","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070881","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1070881","article-title":"Clinical review of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in human and veterinary patients","volume":"10","author":"Whitney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.01.006","article-title":"Advanced oxygen therapy for the small animal patient - 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