{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T22:44:19Z","timestamp":1786661059624,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"Introdction<\/jats:title>Aeromonas veronii<\/jats:italic> is a significant pathogen to various aquatic life. Infections in fish can lead to high mortality rates, causing substantial economic losses in aquaculture. Vaccination is proposed as a substitute for antibiotics in aquaculture to decrease disease-related mortality and morbidity. Our study previously constructed a hisJ<\/jats:italic>-deleted strain of A. veronii<\/jats:italic>, which provided protective effect to Loach<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>To further assess the vaccine\u2019s applicability, this study evaluated its genetic stability and safety, and the immune protective effects in Carassius auratus<\/jats:italic> through four distinct administration routes: intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, oral administration, and immersion, to determine the efficacy of these administration routes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The results showed that the vaccine remained genetically stable after 45 generations. Immunization via these administration routes was safe for Carassius auratus<\/jats:italic>, with intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections causing stronger adverse reactions. Immersion immunization resulted in mild adverse reactions, and no significant adverse reactions were observed following oral immunization. Immunizing Carassius auratus<\/jats:italic> at safe concentrations via these routes enhanced the phagocytic activity in serum, increased the levels of non-specific immune-related enzymes (ACP, AKP, C3, C4, LZM, SOD, and IgM), and improved specific serum antibody levels. It also elevated levels of cytokines related to inflammatory responses (IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, TGF-\u03b2) in organ tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, mid-post intestine, and gills). The survival rates of Carassius auratus<\/jats:italic> were measured after challenging with the virulent strain A. veronii TH0426<\/jats:italic>, resulting in the relative survival rates of 64% for Intraperitoneal vaccine group, 56% for Intramuscular vaccine group, 52% for oral vaccine group, and 48% for immersion vaccine group. Analysis of bacterial load in the liver, spleen, and kidney post-challenge showed a decreasing trend in the control group, indicating that the vaccine strain \u0394hisJ<\/jats:italic> could gradually restrict the rapid proliferation of bacteria in these tissues, thereby providing a certain level of immune protection against A. veronii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Discussion<\/jats:title>In brief, the vaccine strain \u0394hisJ<\/jats:italic> can serve as a safe live attenuated vaccine for Carassius auratus<\/jats:italic>, and this study lays the foundation for the development of live attenuated vaccines against Aeromonas veronii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1378448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T09:12:47Z","timestamp":1711012367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of the efficacy of Aeromonas veronii \u0394hisJ vaccine in Carassius auratus via different immunization routes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tonglei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruitao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiumei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guisheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-018-2375-8","article-title":"Comparative 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