{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:36:26Z","timestamp":1753893386020,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to identify the type of veterinary care sought by handlers of injured agility dogs, the types of treatments the dogs received, and the timeframe for return to training and competition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Owners of agility dogs completed an internet-based survey. They were instructed to report injuries that had kept the dog from training or competing for over a week, identify which area(s) of the body had been injured and answer questions about the most severe injury to each body part. Additional questions included if handlers had sought veterinary care, who primarily determined treatment, type of treatment(s), and length of time before the dog could return to full training and competition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This sample included data on 1,714 total injuries from 1,256 unique dogs. Handlers sought veterinary care for over 80% of injuries across all anatomical locations. Handlers were most likely to seek specialty veterinary care for reported injuries to the stifle (71%), iliopsoas (63%) and tibia (61%), and least likely for reported injuries to the carpus (34%), metatarsus (33%) and metacarpus (22%). Treatment of reported injuries to the antebrachium and stifle were most likely to be directed by a veterinarian (&amp;gt;70%), while reported injuries of the thigh (51%) and hip (53%) were least likely. Rest was the most common treatment for all injuries. Return to sport within 3\u2009months was common (&amp;gt;67%) for most perceived injury locations, though dogs with reported stifle injuries took longer to return to competition and had a higher rate of retirement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Owners of agility dogs have a high rate of seeking veterinary care for injuries. Overall return to sport rates were high, with the stifle being the notable exception. Future studies regarding specific treatment of injuries in agility dogs, and how injuries and their treatment affect return to agility after injury are required to provide optimal care protocols for these canine athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1409199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T04:48:56Z","timestamp":1724302136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Owner-reported treatments and outcomes of perceived injuries to the thoracic and pelvic limb of agility dogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bianca M.","family":"Alva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Pechette Markley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Shoben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina R.","family":"Kieves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Director of agility","year":"2020","author":"DeYoung","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.259.9.1001","article-title":"Internet-based survey of the frequency and types of orthopedic conditions and injuries experienced by dogs competing in agility","volume":"259","author":"Pechette Markley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.7.1010","article-title":"Internet-based survey of the nature and perceived causes of injury to dogs participating in agility training and competition events","volume":"243","author":"Cullen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-08-09-0089","article-title":"A preliminary retrospective survey of injuries occurring in dogs participating in canine agility","volume":"22","author":"Levy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1735843","article-title":"Internet survey of participant demographics and risk factors for injury in competitive agility dogs","volume":"4","author":"Evanow","year":"2021","journal-title":"VCOT Open"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030227","article-title":"Part II of Finnish agility dog survey: agility-related injuries and risk factors for injury in competition-level agility dogs","volume":"12","author":"Inkil\u00e4","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01052.x","article-title":"Long-term functional outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy versus extracapsular repair in a heterogeneous population of dogs","volume":"42","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12445","article-title":"Long term functional outcome of tibial tuberosity advancement vs. tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and extracapsular repair in a heterogeneous population of dogs","volume":"45","author":"Krotscheck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.5.675","article-title":"Comparison of lateral fabellar suture and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy techniques for treatment of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"243","author":"Gordon-Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2024.106165","article-title":"Target trial emulation: does surgical versus non-surgical management of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs cause different outcomes?","volume":"226","author":"Pegram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930450","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.930450","article-title":"Internet survey evaluation of iliopsoas injury in dogs participating in agility competitions","volume":"9","author":"Fry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"196","article-title":"Iliopsoas strain demographics, concurrent injuries, and grade determined by musculoskeletal ultrasound in 72 agility dogs","volume":"87","author":"Sack","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Iliopsoas muscle injury in dogs","volume":"35","author":"Cabon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.18849\/ve.v2i2.93","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of iliopsoas strain with findings from diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound in agility performance canines \u2013 73 cases","volume":"2","author":"Cullen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Evid"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020419","article-title":"Observational study on lameness recovery in 10 dogs affected by iliopsoas injury and submitted to a physiotherapeutic approach","volume":"11","author":"Spinella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.20336","article-title":"Ultrasonography for the diagnosis of diseases of the tendon and tendon sheath of the biceps brachii muscle","volume":"30","author":"Kramer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238513","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1238513","article-title":"Ultrasonographic appearance of supraspinatus and biceps tendinopathy improves in dogs treated with low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy: a retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Kern","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00429.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with confirmed shoulder pathology","volume":"37","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105552","article-title":"Ultrasound of the normal canine supraspinatus tendon: comparison with gross anatomy and histology","volume":"186","author":"Lassaigne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.7.1019","article-title":"Survey-based analysis of risk factors for injury among dogs participating in agility training and competition events","volume":"243","author":"Cullen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103487","article-title":"Extracorporeal shockwave therapy and therapeutic exercise for supraspinatus and biceps tendinopathies in 29 dogs","volume":"179","author":"Leeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2014.09.006","article-title":"Rehabilitation and physical therapy for selected orthopedic conditions in veterinary patients","volume":"45","author":"Henderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516643716","article-title":"The effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of tendinopathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials","volume":"45","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596711876707","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118767077","article-title":"Defining platelet-rich plasma usage by team physicians in elite athletes","volume":"6","author":"Kantrowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53102","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.53102","article-title":"Conservative treatment using platelet-rich plasma for acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries in highly active patients: a retrospective survey","volume":"16","author":"Hada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3119-x","article-title":"Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) as a treatment for high ankle sprain in elite athletes: a randomized control trial","volume":"23","author":"Laver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00112","article-title":"Partial cranial cruciate ligament tears treated with stem cell and platelet-rich plasma combination therapy in 36 dogs: a retrospective study","volume":"3","author":"Canapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00098","article-title":"Ultrasonographic findings in 41 dogs treated with bone marrow aspirate concentrate and platelet-rich plasma for a supraspinatus tendinopathy: a retrospective study","volume":"5","author":"McDougall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00061","article-title":"The use of adipose-derived progenitor cells and platelet-rich plasma combination for the treatment of supraspinatus tendinopathy in 55 dogs: a retrospective study","volume":"3","author":"Canapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1670676","article-title":"Return to sport after injury: a web-based survey of owners and handlers of agility dogs","volume":"31","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.11.1439","article-title":"Rate of return to agility competition for dogs with cranial cruciate ligament tears treated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy","volume":"253","author":"Heidorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12001.x","article-title":"Comparison of long-term outcomes associated with three surgical techniques for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs","volume":"42","author":"Christopher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2147\/VMRR.S204321","article-title":"Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in canines: patient selection and reported outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Nanda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096836","article-title":"Eighty-three per cent of elite athletes return to preinjury sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review with meta-analysis of return to sport rates, graft rupture rates and performance outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00654.x","article-title":"A review of the pathogenesis of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease as a basis for future preventive strategies","volume":"39","author":"Griffon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2014.68.350-352","article-title":"The effects of rehabilitation protocol on functional recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"68","author":"Dragicevic-Cvjetkovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.11.002","article-title":"Contemporary principles for postoperative rehabilitation and return to sport for athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"4","author":"Badawy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04986-z","article-title":"Canine ACL rupture: a spontaneous large animal model of human ACL rupture","volume":"23","author":"Binversie","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13755","article-title":"Systematic review of postoperative rehabilitation interventions after cranial cruciate ligament surgery in dogs","volume":"51","author":"Alvarez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.3.529","article-title":"Effects of early intensive postoperative physiotherapy on limb function after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs with deficiency of the cranial cruciate ligament","volume":"67","author":"Monk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.6.686","article-title":"Evaluation of the clinical effects of diet and physical rehabilitation in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy","volume":"252","author":"Baltzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13270","article-title":"Fundamental principles of rehabilitation and musculoskeletal tissue healing","volume":"49","author":"Kirkby Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13294","article-title":"Recommendations for rehabilitation after surgical treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs: a 2017 survey of veterinary practitioners","volume":"49","author":"Eiermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"year":"2012","author":"Guilliard","key":"ref45"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12010078","article-title":"Efficacy of serial Ultrasonographic Examinations in Predicting Return to play in agility dogs with shoulder lameness","volume":"12","author":"Entani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18849\/ve.v5i1.249","article-title":"There is no superior treatment method for medial shoulder instability in dogs","volume":"5","author":"Kieves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Evid"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514528096","article-title":"Return to play after treatment of superior labral tears in professional baseball players","volume":"42","author":"Fedoriw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"465","article-title":"The anatomy of the glenoid labrum: a comparison between human and dog","volume":"59","author":"Sager","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1409199\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T04:49:00Z","timestamp":1724302140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1409199\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2024.1409199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1409199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-1769"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"article-number":"1409199"}}