{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T16:11:07Z","timestamp":1768925467509,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uterus didelphys is a rare congenital anomaly of the female reproductive tract characterized by a divided uterine cervix and body. It occurs due to abnormal development of the paramesonephric (M\u00fcllerian) duct. Different forms of uterus didelphys have been reported in several animal species, including bovine, equine, ewe, goat, swine, and bitch. However, there is no previous report that has documented a completely divided female genital tract in she-camel. Moreover, there is a lack of literature regarding this anomaly in animals. Therefore, the present study reports, for the first time, a rare case of a completely divided female genital tract in a she-camel. In addition, the existing relevant literature on uterus didelphys in different animal species is reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A female reproductive tract of she-camel, approximately 10\u2009years old, with a history of previous successful pregnancy, was brought to the anatomy department following the slaughtering of the animal. Initial examination revealed a normal reproductive tract consisting of two ovaries, two fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina. A closer examination revealed a completely divided vagina, with an external os opened into each part of the vagina, as well as a divided uterine body and cervix. Intrauterine infusion of saline through one external os confirmed complete separation of uterine body and cervix.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first reported case of a completely divided female genital tract in a she-camel. This review summarizes the previous reports about uterus didelphys in farm animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1419234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T13:07:45Z","timestamp":1719407265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["True uterus didelphys in she-camel: a case report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohamed A. A.","family":"Mahdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Nasr Eldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30677-0","article-title":"Congenital abnormalities of the genitalia of cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs","volume":"9","author":"Ladds","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"899","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of uterine didelphia in Ayrshire heifer","volume":"47","author":"Raggio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.151.7.217","article-title":"Uterus didelphys in a goat","volume":"151","author":"Timurkaan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2009.5729","article-title":"Uterus didelphys in a buffalo heifer: a case report","volume":"23","author":"T Noaman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iraqi J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02093.x","article-title":"Uterus bicollis in a Clydesdale mare","volume":"21","author":"Volkmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)50380-2","article-title":"An unusual case in swine of uterus didelphys","volume":"110","author":"Morris","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-072169323-1.50022-2","article-title":"CHAPTER 19 - infertility due to noninflammatory abnormalities of the tubular reproductive tract","volume-title":"Current therapy in large animal Theriogenology","author":"Immegart","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Embryology, Mullerian ducts (paramesonephric ducts)","author":"Wilson","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Infertility in the cow: Structural and functional abnormalities, management deficiencies and non-specific infections, in Arthur's veterinary reproduction and obstetrics","author":"Noakes","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)48297-2","article-title":"Anomalies of the cervix uteri of cattle","volume":"126","author":"Abusineina","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-8934.2021.00042.4","article-title":"Infertility in female dromedary camels","volume":"28","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Camel Pract Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11934.x","article-title":"Pregnancy in a cow with uterus didelphys","volume":"78","author":"Fathalla","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.66.1165","article-title":"Morphological observations of uterine and vaginal duplexes with a developmental anomaly at the vaginovestibular junction in a Japanese brown calf","volume":"66","author":"Moritomo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"201","article-title":"Double cervix in a five-year-old white Fulami cow","volume":"3","author":"Ajala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Afr J Biomed Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00451","article-title":"A post-mortem survey of bovine female reproductive tracts in the UK","volume":"6","author":"Millward","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"93","article-title":"An abattoir study of genital pathology in cows: II. 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