{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:14:10Z","timestamp":1793060050003,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although pets provide several social\u2013emotional benefits for children, the risk of zoonosis must be considered among immunocompromised individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital including immunocompromised patients younger than 20\u2009years owning dogs and\/or cats. Colonization and\/or infection was evaluated by stool studies, bacterial swabs, blood polymerase chain reaction and serological studies in both patients and their pets, to evaluate potential zoonotic transmission occurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 74 patients and their 92 pets (63 dogs, 29 cats). Up to 44.6% of the patients and 31.5% of the pets had at least 1 positive result. Up to 18.4% of pets\u2019 fecal samples were positive (bacteria, parasites or hepatitis E virus). No helminths were observed despite the high frequency of incorrect intestinal deworming practices. Among children, gastrointestinal microorganisms were found in 37.3% (primarily <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>). Colonization by <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> was common among pets (8.0%) but not among children (0.0%). No shared colonization between owners and pets was observed, except in one case (<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> in both patient and pet feces). Among patients, serologies were positive for <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> (14.8%), <jats:italic>Toxocara canis<\/jats:italic> (3.2%), <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic> (19.1%) and hepatitis E (5.6%). Serology was positive for <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> spp. (22.6%) and <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> spp. (6.5%) in dogs and for <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. (14.3%) and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. (14.3%) in cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to zoonotic agents was detected in both patients and pets; however, shared colonization events were almost nonexistent. In our cohort, dogs and cats do not appear to entail high zoonosis transmission risk for immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1425870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T05:24:15Z","timestamp":1721712255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Zoonosis screening in Spanish immunocompromised children and their pets"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Garcia-Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Romero-Tranc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iker","family":"Falces-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Navarro Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Ruiz-Carrascoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Carmena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Casares 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