{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:04:52Z","timestamp":1771589092850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite progress in reducing antimicrobial use in the veterinary field, it is crucial to find alternatives to preserve effectiveness and limit antimicrobial resistance. In pig farming, pathogenic strains of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> are the main cause of gastrointestinal disorders and antibiotic use. In this field, algae represent an innovation in animal nutrition that aligns with livestock sustainability principles and provide a high content of functional molecules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an innovative dietary combination of <jats:italic>Ascophyllum nodosum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lithothamnium calcareum<\/jats:italic>, on growth, duodenum gene expression, jejunum intestinal morphology, and serum oxidative status in F4+ <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> challenged piglets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-eight weaned pigs, aged 28\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009days, were divided into two groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924 pigs\/group): the control group was fed a commercial diet (CTRL), while the seaweeds group was fed a commercial diet supplemented with 1.5% <jats:italic>A. nodosum<\/jats:italic> and 0.5% <jats:italic>L. calcareum<\/jats:italic> for 27\u2009days (ALGAE). After 13\u2009days, 50% of animals in each group were challenged with a single dose of 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\u2009CFU\/dose of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> F4+, resulting in two infected groups (CTRL+ and ALGAE+, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912 pigs\/group). Growth performance was assessed by measuring the individual body weight. At day 27, from six animals\/group duodenum and jejunum sections were sampled for gene expression analysis via qRT-PCR and histological evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicated a significantly higher body weight in the ALGAE+ group compared to CTRL+ after 7\u2009days post-challenge (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). Jejunum morphology revealed lower villus height, villus width and villus height\/crypt depth ratio in CTRL+ compared to ALGAE+ (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) suggesting a protective effect of seaweeds on gut health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, algae mixture exerted a protective effect against intestinal damage from <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> F4+ infection proposing <jats:italic>A. nodosum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. calcareum<\/jats:italic> supplementation as interesting strategy to support animal growth, enhance health and reduce antibiotic treatments in weaned piglets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1430347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T05:11:04Z","timestamp":1725599464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of 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