{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:19:06Z","timestamp":1773335946917,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed corn oil\u2019s oral effectiveness in detecting small bowel changes in healthy dogs through ultrasonography, endoscopy, and histopathology. We hypothesize that corn oil ingestion will not significantly increase the visibility of lymphatics and lacteals in healthy dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five healthy male beagles were studied under institutional guidelines. The small intestine\u2019s mucosal changes were observed post corn oil consumption (0.5\u202fmL\/kg) at various time intervals using ultrasonography, endoscopy, and histopathology. Ultrasonography was employed in real-time, and mucosal echogenicity scores were assigned at multiple time points. Endoscopic and capsule endoscopic examinations were conducted weekly at different intervals post oil consumption, with biopsy samples taken from the duodenal and ileal mucosa for histopathological evaluations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasonographic evaluations showed no pathological conditions in any dog. While conventional endoscopic evaluations reflected normal variation, capsule endoscopy revealed significant duodenal and jejunal mucosal changes 3\u202fh post-ingestion, but not in the ileum. Histopathological evaluation indicated a transient rise in the dilation of ileum villi 3\u202fh post-ingestion, reducing by 12\u202fh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the observed physiological changes in the small intestinal mucosa, including lymphatic dilation, hyperechoic speckles, and stripes, were within the normal range after oil ingestion in healthy Beagle dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1440942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T16:45:21Z","timestamp":1734108321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of corn oil ingestion on the intestinal mucosa of normal dogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Su-Jin","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il-Hwa","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-In","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.04.003","article-title":"Lymphatic lipid transport: sewer or subway?","volume":"21","author":"Dixon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2009.09.003","article-title":"Gastrointestinal lymphatics in health and disease","volume":"17","author":"Alexander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12202791","article-title":"Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of canine intestinal lymphangiectasia: a comparative review","volume":"12","author":"Jablonski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12034","article-title":"Effects of corn oil administered orally on conspicuity of ultrasonographic small intestinal lesions in dogs with lymphangiectasia","volume":"54","author":"Pollard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13216","article-title":"A pilot study on the effect of fat loading on the gastrointestinal tract of healthy dogs","volume":"61","author":"Palerme","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-5616(03)00055-x","article-title":"Protein-losing enteropathies","volume":"33","author":"Peterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1018344","article-title":"Endoscopic diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia using a high-fat meal","volume":"18","author":"Veldhuyzen van Zanten","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12384","article-title":"The effects of food intake and its fat composition on intestinal echogenicity in healthy dogs","volume":"57","author":"Gaschen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03556.x","article-title":"Development of a capsule endoscopy scoring index for small bowel mucosal inflammatory change","volume":"27","author":"Gralnek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2008.01.001","article-title":"Histopathological standards for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal inflammation in endoscopic biopsy samples from the dog and cat: a report from the world small animal veterinary association gastrointestinal standardization group","volume":"138","author":"Day","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1159\/000197132","article-title":"Lipase and bile salts in the small intestine of the dog. 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