{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:07:08Z","timestamp":1789052828441,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of surgical castration and lidocaine-plus-meloxicam treatment on growth, physiology, behaviors, and leukocyte heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) gene expression in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) bulls. Twenty Hanwoo bulls (body weight 248.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f28.5\u202fkg, age 9.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.04\u202fmonths) were assigned to three treatments: surgical castration with lidocaine injection (5\u202fmL in the scrotum) and oral meloxicam administration (1\u202fmg\/kg body weight; LM; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u202f7); surgical castration with placebo injection (5\u202fmL of 0.9% NaCl) and oral placebo administration (lactose, 1\u202fmg\/kg body weight; CAS; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u202f7); and shame castration (SHAM; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u202f6). Meloxicam and lactose were administered 3\u202fh before castration, and lidocaine and NaCl were injected immediately before castration. Surgical castration was performed with a Newberry knife and a Henderson castration tool. Wight was measured the day before and 14 d after castration, and behavior was observed from 0.5\u202fh to 4.5\u202fh post-castration. Blood was collected at \u22121 d, 0.5\u202fh, 6\u202fh, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after castration to measure plasma cortisol, haptoglobin, and leukocyte HSP 90 mRNA. Castration tended to decrease average daily gain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.06), but the LM treatment did not affect weight gain. Bulls in CAS showed higher cortisol concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) at 0.5 and 6\u202fh after castration compared to SHAM, with no difference between CAS and LM. Castration increased haptoglobin concentration at 1 and 3 d after castration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) while LM bulls showed decreased haptoglobin concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) than CAS bulls at these times. HSP90 mRNA was increased at 6\u202fh post-castration while LM did not reduce its expression, suggesting HSP90 may serve as an acute stress marker in castrated bulls. Castration increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) frequencies of drinking, lying, walking, leg lifting, kicking, and stiff gait, while decreasing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) eating frequency. LM alleviated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) drinking, leg lifting, kicking, and stiff gait. Collectively, castration resulted in physiological changes, increased leukocyte HSP90 gene expression, and altered behaviors. These findings suggest that lidocaine-plus-meloxicam treatment partially mitigates pain and inflammation in the castrated bulls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1465844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T07:27:45Z","timestamp":1733297265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of lidocaine-plus-meloxicam treatment on behavioral and physiological changes, and leukocyte heat shock protein 90 gene expression after surgical castration in Hanwoo bulls"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ingu","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonpil","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Jin Sol","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaesung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Hyeon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Yeob","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinoh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myunggi","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2005.36560","article-title":"The welfare significance of the castration of cattle: a review","volume":"53","author":"Stafford","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.22.0380","article-title":"Ranaweera KKTN.-invited review - factors affecting beef quality and nutrigenomics of intramuscular adipose tissue deposition","volume":"36","author":"Baik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skx022","article-title":"Effect 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