{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:13:08Z","timestamp":1792671188058,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Antibiotic use in broilers is being discouraged globally due to the challenges it poses. This study was conducted to assess the effects of supplementing broilers with a Symbiotic-Enzyme complex (SEC) containing prebiotics (\n mannose oligosaccharides<\/jats:italic>\n ), probiotics (\n Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n ), and enzymes (\n glucose oxidase<\/jats:italic>\n , and \u03b1\n -galactosidase<\/jats:italic>\n ) as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits, mortality, linear body measurements, intestinal morphology and immune organ indexes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n A total of 864 mixed-sex 1-day-old arbor acres (AA+) broilers were allocated to 8 experimental groups replicated 9 times with 12 chickens per replicate. These included 6 treatment groups with SEC inclusion levels of 0.025, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10%, respectively, and two control groups: a negative control group containing a basal diet only and the positive control group (Antibiotics group) containing a basal diet and antibiotic oxytetracycline added at 0.2%. Growth performance was measured on day 21 and 42, and the mortality, carcass, meat quality traits, linear body measurements, intestinal morphology, and organ size indexes were measured on day 42.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The results indicated that supplementing broilers with 0.1% SEC resulted in insignificant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n &gt; 0.05) increases in average daily feed intake (ADFI), significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05) increases in the average daily gains (ADG), and significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05) reduction in a feed-to-gain ratio (F\/G) in all the phases compared to the control and antibiotics groups. Supplementation of broilers with 0.1% SEC inclusion levels also significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05) increased the body slope length, chest width, chest depth, keel length, and shank circumference. Furthermore, broilers on diets containing 0.1% SEC inclusion level also had significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05) higher dressed, semi-evisceration, evisceration, and breast muscle percentages. Including SEC at 0.1% also significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05) increased villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio (V\/C) but reduced crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to the control groups. SEC inclusion at 0.1% significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n &lt; 0.05) increased the spleen, bursal, and thymus indexes, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Supplementation of broilers with 0.1% SEC can be used as an antibiotic alternative because it increases the F\/G, improves the carcass and meat quality, increases the body conformation, improves the small intestines' functions, and immune organ size.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1468847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T01:12:44Z","timestamp":1729127564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of a novel synbiotics-enzyme complex as a replacement for antibiotics on growth performance, slaughter and meat characteristics, immune organ index, and intestinal morphology of 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