{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:29:07Z","timestamp":1787027347171,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brucellosis and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are neglected zoonotic diseases (NZD) that threaten public health, animal health, and production in resource-limited countries including Namibia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and RVFV seroprevalence in cattle at the wildlife-livestock interface in the Kabbe South constituency (Zambezi region) of Namibia. Cattle sera (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 371) were randomly collected from 18 cattle herds in six constituency areas and tested for antibodies against\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      [complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay in parallel] and Rift Valley fever virus (competitive ELISA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Apparent individual animal prevalence for\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was 5.9% (95% CI: 3.95%\u22128.81%, 22\/371) and 20.8% (95% CI: 16.9%\u221225.2%, 77\/371) based on the CFT and I-ELISA, respectively. For RVFV, apparent and true animal prevalence were 41.0% (95% CI: 36.1%\u221246.0%, 152\/371) and 47.6% (95% CI: 41.8%\u221253.6%), respectively. Animal and true prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. based on the CFT and ELISA in parallel were 22.6% (95% CI: 18.7%\u221227.2%, 84\/371) and 19.7% (95% CI: 15.6%\u221224.4%), respectively. About 10.8% (40\/371) of cattle tested positive for both\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and RVFV antibodies. Prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive cattle herds was 83.3% (15\/18). Within herd\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. seroprevalence was 0%\u221270%. All cattle herds tested positive for RVFV, with prevalence of 1.7% to 70%. Binomial logistic regression revealed that sex was a significant predictor (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05) for RVFV seropositivity, but not for\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. seropositivity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05). Test agreement between CFT and I-ELISA when used for the detection of anti-\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibodies was poor (k = 0.2322).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and RVFV infections were prevalent in communal pastoral cattle at the human-wildlife-livestock interface in the Zambezi region suggesting a higher likelihood of occurrence of reproduction losses in cattle and zoonotic disease in humans. We recommend the enforcement of the requirements for the vaccination of heifers against brucellosis in the affected communal areas to reduce the risk of human infection. The use of One Health principles for the surveillance, prevention and control of\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and RVFV infections can promote the effective control of these zoonotic infections at the interface.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1489815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T09:47:08Z","timestamp":1733996828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and Rift Valley fever virus infections in communal pastoral cattle at the wildlife-livestock interface, Zambezi region, Namibia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Oscar","family":"Madzingira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Munzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicky Mowa","family":"Simasiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo Tileni","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn Nanjeke","family":"Mwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simbarashe","family":"Chinyoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Tjipura-Zaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frieda","family":"Shilongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Borgemeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Khaiseb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simbarashe","family":"Chitanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Junglen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfab001","article-title":"Livestock provide more than food in smallholder production systems of developing countries","volume":"11","author":"Banda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Front."},{"key":"B2","article-title":"Neglected zoonotic diseases","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats. 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