{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:25:08Z","timestamp":1789590308062,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the medium-term outcome following spinal cord decompression and instrumented fixation of single-level congenital thoracolumbar vertebral malformations, characterized by combined failures of segmentation and formation, causing thoracolumbar myelopathy in three large-breed dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective clinical study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>The animals involved in the study were three large-breed dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic patient records were retrospectively reviewed for adult large-breed dogs (&amp;gt;1\u202fyear) (&amp;gt;25\u202fkg) with thoracolumbar myelopathy and a radiologic diagnosis of spinal cord compression associated with thoracolumbar vertebral malformation. The examination, diagnostic imaging, surgical management, and outcomes are described. The medium-term outcome was determined based on the neurological examination and follow-up imaging studies conducted up to 12\u202fmonths post-operation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three large-breed dogs were identified, presenting with progressive, non-painful T3\u2013L3 spinal cord segment disease. Diagnosis was made using MRI and CT, which revealed single-level complex congenital vertebral malformation with combined failures of segmentation and formation in the T8\u2013L1 region. Surgical management consisted of ventral cord decompression by bilateral mini-hemilaminectomy and partial corpectomy and vertebral fixation. Temporary postoperative neurological deterioration was observed in two cases. Follow-up was conducted at 6\u202fweeks (examination) and 3 (examination), 6, and 12\u202fmonths (examination and CT) postoperatively, and improved neurological function was confirmed, with all cases being ambulatory with persistent, mild paraparesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study demonstrates the successful medium-term outcome following surgical management of complex thoracolumbar vertebral malformations in large-breed dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1504477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T08:04:21Z","timestamp":1736237061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surgical management of single-level thoracolumbar vertebral body segmentation and formation failure causing progressive thoracolumbar myelopathy in three adult large-breed dogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Francisca","family":"Couto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Tabanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Driver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-09-04-0053","article-title":"Surgical treatment of a hemivertebra by partial ventral corpectomy and fusion in a Labrador puppy","volume":"23","author":"Meheust","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop 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anomalies","volume":"36","author":"Aikawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.10.009","article-title":"Kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis associated with congenital malformations of the thoracic vertebral bodies in dogs","volume":"46","author":"Dewey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am-Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.80.2.189","article-title":"Relationship between breed, hemivertebra subtype, and kyphosis in apparently neurologically normal French bulldogs, English bulldogs, and pugs","volume":"80","author":"Ryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJVR"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13333","article-title":"Accuracy of placement of pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar spine of dogs with spinal deformities with three-dimensionally printed patient-specific drill 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