{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:28:28Z","timestamp":1792092508684,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that affects both dogs and humans. With the increase in dog ownership, the risk of transmission has risen for both adults and children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used meta-analysis to comprehensively analyze the prevalence of canine brucellosis in China and to identify the relevant factors affecting its transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a meta-analysis of 38 studies published between January 1983 and March 2024, sourced from six databases. The results showed a higher prevalence of canine brucellosis in northern and northwestern regions of China, with Xinjiang having the highest prevalence (19.77%) and Hunan the lowest (0.23%). Significant differences were found in positivity rates across different diagnostic methods (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), with ELISA yielding the highest positivity rate (11.6%) and PCR and SAT the lowest (3.3%). The positivity rate of stray dogs (22.6%) was significantly higher than that of other dog sources (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, environmental factors, such as temperature and altitude, were identified as influencing the incidence of brucellosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, canine brucellosis is prevalent across China, with detection methods, dog sources, and environmental factors contributing to the varying incidence rates. We recommend regular brucellosis testing for pet dogs, improved kennel hygiene, and reduced contact with potentially infected animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/veterinary-science<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1515405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T14:02:55Z","timestamp":1739455375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of Brucella in dogs in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u2014Epidemiological analysis of canine brucellosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mei-Mei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Yun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiu-chi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-yu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian-Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-tao","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong-bin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-yang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Control of Brucellosis in Animals","author":"Li","year":"2012"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Investigation on Brucella Infection of Pig Farms in Chaoyang area of Liaoning Province","author":"Luo","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Investigation on Brucella Infection of Dogs and Cats in Shenyang of Liaoning Province","author":"Sun","year":"2020"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Dog and Cat Brucellosis Epidemiology","author":"Qi","year":"2012"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"15","article-title":"Seroepidemiological investigation on Brucellosis in canine in Jinan City of Shandong Province from 2016 to 2017","volume":"36","author":"Hang","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Anim Health Inspect"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"83","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of canine Borrelia burgdorferi infection in some areas of China","volume":"43","author":"Di","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B7","author":"Alton","year":"1975","journal-title":"Techniques for the Brucellosis Laboeatory"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"8","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of canine brucellosis in Urumqi City of Xinjiang","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Anim Health Inspect"},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Catalogue of Chinese Veterinary Strains","year":"2008"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"Follow up Study on Patients with Acute.","author":"Zhao","year":"2022"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"163","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 17 children with brucellosis in Hebei Province","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Zoonoses."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B14","first-page":"3377","article-title":"Using Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation for meta-analysis of single proportions","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Stat Comput Simul."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"93","article-title":"Application of double arcsine transformation in meta-analysis of proportions: pros and cons","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203104","article-title":"Meta-analysis of prevalence","volume":"67","author":"Barendregt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"264","article-title":"Comparison of statistical methods for the meta-analysis of proportions in software packages: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Serology Survey of Canine Toxoplasmosis and Brucellosis in Hunan Province","author":"Yuan","year":"2015"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.13881\/j.cnki.hljxmsy.2017.08.0021","article-title":"Surveillance and analysis of major zoonotic diseases of urban companion animals","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Anim Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"41","article-title":"Clinical investigation of Brucella canis infections in outpatient dogs in the Shanghai area","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin J Vet Med"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"43","article-title":"Serological survey of major canine epidemics in the Shanghai area","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Shanghai J Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.15889\/j.issn.1002-1302.2015.03.064","article-title":"Prevalence of important zoonotic bacterial diseases in pets in Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China","volume":"43","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jiangsu Agric Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.14170\/j.cnki.cn31-1278\/s.2017.05.023","article-title":"Serological survey of brucellosis in domesticated dogs in an area of Shanghai, China","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shanghai J Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"64","article-title":"Serological survey of canine brucellosis in Beijing area","volume":"45","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Vet Med"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"34","article-title":"Results of serological survey and analysis of canine brucellosis in the Beijing area","volume":"19","author":"Xiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual Saf Inspect Test."},{"key":"B26","first-page":"59","article-title":"Serologic investigation of brucelosis infection in canine in Hulun Buir","volume":"49","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin J Vet Med"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"490","article-title":"The isolation of Brucella from pet dogs in Beijing","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.14070\/j.cnki.15-1150.2014.08.133","article-title":"Serological survey of brucellosis infection in dogs in the Ximen area","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod Anim Husb"},{"key":"B29","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of zoonoses in animal treatment facilities in Chaoyang District, 2016","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin Abstr Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"90","article-title":"Serological survey of brucellosis in sheepdog breeds in a Himalayan dry otter plague infected area","author":"Hu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Vocat Educ."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"64","article-title":"Survey on the current status of canine brucellosis in some cities of Gansu Province and reflections","volume":"30","author":"Xue","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"B32","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of brucellosis in Qingyang City between 2009 and 2013","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.13300\/j.cnki.cn42-1648\/s.2015.10.032.","article-title":"Investigation of brucellosis in sheepdogs in Men yuan County, Qinghai Province, China","author":"Bao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Breed Feed"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"81","article-title":"Gansu Tianshui canine brucellosis and three other zoonotic diseases serological survey","volume":"51","author":"Che","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Vet Med"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"63","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of brucellosis in Turko shepherd dogs in pastoral areas of Hejing County","year":"2016","journal-title":"Today Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"80","article-title":"Serological survey of canine brucellosis in the area around Urumqi, Xinjiang, China","volume":"52","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Vet Med"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"98","article-title":"Investigation on the prevalence of Brucella, Salmonella and Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs in Urumqi area","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0060-y","article-title":"Enzootic situation and molecular epidemiology of Brucella in livestock from 2011 to 2015 in Qingyang, China","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.16733\/j.cnki.issn1007-273x.2019.01.003","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of canine brucellosis in Wuchang area, Xinjiang, China","volume":"40","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hubei J Anim Vet Sci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.13881\/j.cnki.hljxmsy.2010.16.026","article-title":"Serological survey of brucellosis in dogs and cats in Dongguan city","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Anim Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"B41","volume-title":"Serological Investigation of Influenza, Chlamydia and Brucellosis in Pet Dogs in Shenzhen, China","author":"Liang","year":"2012"},{"key":"B42","article-title":"Serological survey of Brucella in experimental Beagles","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dog Breed."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"79","article-title":"Serological survey on canine brucellosis in Tai Po County","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contemp Anim Husb"},{"key":"B44","first-page":"12","article-title":"Survey on serum antibodies against brucellosis in animals in Dongguan City, China","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"850","article-title":"Survey on the prevalence of brucellosis in some large hydropower project areas in Guizhou Province","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Pest Contrl"},{"key":"B46","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Study on the Serological Surveillance and Molecular Characteristics of Brucella in Guizhou Province"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13881\/j.cnki.hljxmsy.2014.0106","article-title":"Comparison of immunogold standard test paper test and PCR test for the investigation of canine brucellosis infection status in Kunming area","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Anim Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"99","article-title":"Serological survey of canine brucellosis in some areas of Sichuan and diagnosis of typical cases","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.16656\/j.issn.1673-4696.2016.04.005","article-title":"Serosurvey of canine brucellosis in Chengdu and development of real-time PCR for rapid detection of Brucella","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Sci China"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"43","article-title":"Investigation of serum antibodies to brucellosis in police dogs in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces","volume":"56","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Vet Med"},{"key":"B51","volume-title":"Epidemic Situation and Infection Factors of Brucellosis in Inner Mongolia","author":"Liang","year":"2020"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.13344\/j.microbiol.china.190139","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Brucella canis","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol China"},{"key":"B53","first-page":"20","article-title":"Diagnostic report of canine brucellosis in Dalian in recent years","author":"Quan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"347","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of abortion in a dog","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"NONGJIA KEJI"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"9","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of a canine infection with brucellosis in Loudi city","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hunan J Anim Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"2","article-title":"Diagnosis of a case of canine abortion and analysis of its causes","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Henan J Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"110","article-title":"Diagnosis of a case of canine brucellosis","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"key":"B58","first-page":"96","article-title":"A case of canine brucellosis diagnosis and treatment","volume":"34","author":"Jiang SH","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric Tech Serv"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1674-8409.2017.23.120","article-title":"Experience in the diagnosis and management of canine brucellosis","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Countryside"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.13881\/j.cnki.hljxmsy.2017.11.0337","article-title":"A case of brucellosis in a dog and its experience","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Anim Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"B61","first-page":"240","article-title":"A case of canine brucellosis diagnosis and treatment","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric Dev Equi"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.02.006","article-title":"Diagnosis of canine brucellosis by ELISA using an antigen obtained from wild Brucella canis","volume":"83","author":"Melo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1515405\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T14:03:18Z","timestamp":1739455398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1515405\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2024.1515405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1515405","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"article-number":"1515405"}}