{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:36:54Z","timestamp":1753893414209,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ecological resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to maintain its state and recover from disturbances. This concept can be applied to the gut microbiome as a marker of health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several metrics have been proposed to quantify microbiome resilience, based on the prior choice of some salient feature of the trajectories of microbiome change. We propose a data-driven approach based on compositional and functional data analysis to quantify microbiome resilience. We demonstrate the validity of our approach through applications to sled dogs undergoing three types of exercise: running on an exercise wheel, pulling an all-terrain vehicle, and pulling a sled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microbiota composition was clearly impacted by each exercise type. Log-ratio analysis was utilized for dimensionality reduction and identified 33 variables (taxa) explaining 90% of the variance. Functional principal component analysis identified two scores (FPCA 1 and FPCA2) which explained 76% and 19% of the variability of the trajectories, respectively. More resilient trajectories corresponded to low values of FPCA1 and FPCA2 values close to zero. Levels of chemokines MCP-1 and KC-like, which increased significantly after exercise and returned to pre-exercise levels within 24 h, were significantly associated with FPCA scores as well.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first study proposing a principled approach to quantify microbiome resilience in healthy dogs and associate it with immune response to exercise-related stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1486679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T14:15:41Z","timestamp":1743603341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A bi-variate framework to model microbiome resilience in healthy 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