{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:36:41Z","timestamp":1791499001630,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most prevalent yet neglected cestode meat-borne parasitic zoonoses are bovine cysticercosis and cystic echinococcosis, while the most common meat-borne protozoan zoonoses are toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, bovine cysticercosis, cystic echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis are the most common but neglected meat-borne parasites. The main transmission route is through contaminated meat products. The aim of this review was to provide an overall prevalence estimation of major food-borne zoonotic parasitic in ruminants in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present meta-analysis was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and HINARI. A total of 104 eligible articles were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were conducted using random effect model, and heterogeneity was assessed using I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxoplasmosis had the highest pooled prevalence (38, 95% CI: 30\u201346%), followed by cystic echinococcosis (25, 95% CI: 18\u201332%), cryptosporidiosis (14, 95% CI: 9\u201319%), and bovine cysticercosis (9, 95% CI: 5\u201313%). In most individual analyses, Egger\u2019s regression test did not reveal significant publication bias, since the <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-values were greater than 0.05. Regional subanalysis showed that bovine cysticercosis was most prevalent in the Amhara region (16, 95% CI: 6\u201313%), whereas cystic echinococcosis was highest in Oromia (33, 95% CI: 22\u201345%) and Tigray (29, 95% CI: 24\u201333%). Host-wise analysis indicated that toxoplasmosis was most prevalent in sheep (41%), followed by goats (39%), and cattle (28%). Cryptosporidiosis was most commonly detected in cattle (16%), sheep (11%), and goat (8%). Age-based analysis revealed a higher prevalence in calves and lambs with an estimated pooled prevalence of 15% (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u202f=\u202f83%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increasing prevalence of meat-borne parasitic zoonoses in Ethiopia highlights the need for urgent intervention. Strengthening disease surveillance, enforcing strict meat inspection protocols, and raising public awareness about zoonotic risks are critical for effective control. A coordinated approach between veterinary professionals, public health authorities, and policymakers is essential to mitigate the burden of these neglected parasitic infections and protect both animal and human health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1501940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T04:15:07Z","timestamp":1749010507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Foodborne and neglected parasitic zoonoses in Ethiopian red meat animals: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Melkie Dagnaw","family":"Fenta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biruk","family":"Eshetu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebe Belete","family":"Bitew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haileyesus","family":"Dejene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mebrie Zemene","family":"Kinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v21i1.5","article-title":"Major causes of organ and carcass condemnation and associated financial losses in cattle slaughtered at Kombolcha ELFORA abattoir from 2008-2012, Ethiopia","volume":"21","author":"Sheferaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethiop Vet J"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia central statistical agency agricultural sample survey 2020\/21 (2013 E.C.) volume II report on livestock and livestock characteristics (private peasant holdings)\n          \n          \n          Addis Ababa\n          \n          2021"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0049","article-title":"Evidence-based identification of the most important livestock related zoonotic diseases in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"73","author":"Makita","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","article-title":"Global trends in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"451","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5897\/JPHE12.004","article-title":"Assessment of awareness on food borne zoonoses and its relation with veterinary public health services in and around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Girma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Public Health Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2021.100323","article-title":"Emerging infectious zoonotic diseases: the neglected role of food animals","volume":"13","author":"Otte","year":"2021","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S369827","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections among patients who visited Woldia comprehensive specialized Hospital\u2019s emergency department over a six-year period, Woldia, Ethiopia: a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Rega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.05.001","article-title":"Control and prevention of emerging parasitic zoonoses","volume":"38","author":"Chomel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05495","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5495","article-title":"Public health risks associated with food-borne parasites","volume":"16","author":"Koutsoumanis","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.26717\/BJSTR.2017.01.000419","article-title":"A literature survey of common parasitic Zoonoses encountered at post-mortem examination in slaughter stocks in Tanzania: economic and public health implications","volume":"1","author":"Komba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed J Sci Tech Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5897\/JVMAH2017.0650","article-title":"Prevalence, financial impact and public health significance of Cysticercus bovis at Bahir Dar municipal abattoir, Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Tamirat Bhabtamu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Med Anim Health"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report of the WHO\/FAO\/OIE joint consultation on in collaboration with the Health Council of the Netherlands","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v17i1.7","article-title":"Cryptosporidium in calves, lambs and kids at Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Regassa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethiop Vet J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2007.01091.x","article-title":"Bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Awassa municipal abattoir, Ethiopia: prevalence, cyst viability, distribution and its public health implication","volume":"55","author":"Abunna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"WHO\/FAO\/OIE guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis\/cysticercosis","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2003.09.003","article-title":"Jejunal perforation caused by morphologically abnormal Taenia saginata saginata infection","volume":"49","author":"Jongwutiwes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2018.e00078","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distribution and economic loss associated with bovine cysticercosis and human taeniasis in Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Hiko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control (Internet)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-419","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium species infections among children and cattle in north Shewa zone, Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Wegayehu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.22192\/ijcrbm.2021.06.02.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of Cysticercus bovis\/Taenia saginata and community perception about meat borne zoonosis in three selected districts of west Shoa zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Work","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Curr Res Biol Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00155","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in dairy calves in southern Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Hailu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control (Internet)"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"224","volume-title":"Veterinary parasitology","author":"Urquhart","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Veterinary parasitology","author":"Taylor","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.31080\/ASMI.2019.02.0279","article-title":"Echinococcosis: the status of cystic Hydatidosis in Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Teklay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Sci Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v15i2.67691","article-title":"Infection prevalence of hydatidosis (Echinococcus granulosus, Batsch, 1786) in domestic animals in Ethiopia: a synthesis report of previous surveys","volume":"15","author":"Fromsa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ethiop Vet J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.1.18-36.2003","article-title":"Concepts in immunology and diagnosis of hydatid disease","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.107-135.2004","article-title":"Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern","volume":"17","author":"Eckert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200033","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in animals used for human consumption","volume":"104","author":"Tenter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1086\/511871","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia in immunocompetent subjects: case report and review","volume":"44","author":"Leal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis: a history of clinical observations","volume":"39","author":"Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt003","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered at shashemanne municipal abattoir, south Central Oromia, Ethiopia: prevalence, cyst distribution and fertility","volume":"107","author":"Negash","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2007142155","article-title":"Serological survey of caprine toxopiasmosis in Ethiopia: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Teshale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2020.100456","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"Esubalew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1517","article-title":"A text book of the disease of cattle, horse, sheep, goats and pigs","volume-title":"Veterinary medicine","author":"Radostitis","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2015.02.001","article-title":"A perspective on Cryptosporidium and Giardia, with an emphasis on bovines and recent epidemiological findings","volume":"88","author":"Abeywardena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0642-0","article-title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in ruminants of Lorestan province, Iran","volume":"40","author":"Shafieyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.72-97.2004","article-title":"Cryptosporidium Taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health","volume":"17","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00016.x","article-title":"Cryptosporidium andersoni n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporiidae) from cattle, Bos taurus","volume":"47","author":"Lindsay","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00128-4","article-title":"Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food","volume":"30","author":"Slifko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.07.015","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia as foodborne zoonoses","volume":"149","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.12.003","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in young calves","volume":"152","author":"Brook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-022-01513-2","article-title":"Diagnosis and control of cryptosporidiosis in farm animals","volume":"46","author":"Aboelsoued","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.47278\/book.vpph\/2021.001","article-title":"Section A: parasitic diseases cryptosporidiosis","volume":"2021","author":"Siddique","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Pathobiol Public Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.06.004","article-title":"Human behaviour and the epidemiology of parasitic zoonoses","volume":"35","author":"Macpherson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"8","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","volume":"22","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.14202\/IJOH.2018.15-21","article-title":"Bovine cysticercosis and human taeniasis: animal-human health and economic approach with treatment trends in Kombolcha town, Wollo, Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Tegegne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J One Health"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2008.01.009","article-title":"Cysticercosis of slaughtered cattle in northwestern Ethiopia","volume":"85","author":"Kebede","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-022-01466-6","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered domestic ruminants in Northwest Ethiopia: occurrence, bioassay and virulence assessment","volume":"46","author":"Maru","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis (Internet)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v27i1.5","article-title":"Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in immuno-compromised women and sheep of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia","volume":"27","author":"Gashaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ethiop Vet J"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.825940","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia in livestock in Tigray, northern Ethiopia and associated risk factors for infection: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Kifleyohannes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.03.005","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Addis Ababa and its environs, Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Manyazewal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1221","article-title":"A graphical method for exploring heterogeneity in meta-analyses: application to a meta-analysis of 65 trials","volume":"21","author":"Baujat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"107","article-title":"An epidemiological study of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves on selected dairy farms of Central Ethiopia","volume":"159","author":"Abebe","year":"","journal-title":"Rev Med Vet (Toulouse)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.24966\/ARVS-3751\/10004","article-title":"Epidemiology and public health importance of toxoplasma Gondii in Ethiopia: an overview","volume":"7","author":"Woldesenbet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NLINE","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2023.010","article-title":"Flow of zoonotic toxoplasmosis in food chain","volume":"43","author":"Almuzaini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"42","article-title":"Construction and Evaluation of the Toxoplasma gondii DNA vaccine targeting DEC-205","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182021001013","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis in humans: an update of worldwide rate of congenital infections","volume":"148","author":"Dubey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2023.016","article-title":"Molecular identification of Sarcocystis species in sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) of duhok province, Iraq","volume":"43","author":"Hussein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"10","article-title":"Sero-prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in animals presented to Sholla and Akaki-Kality veterinary clinics, Addis Ababa","volume":"16","author":"Getachew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob J Med Res G Vet Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2022.060","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological investigation of Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. infection in free-ranged yaks and Tibetan pigs on the plateau","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04546-9","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans in Ontario, Canada","volume":"14","author":"Guy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050523","article-title":"High diversity of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes identified in cryptosporidiosis acquired in Sweden and abroad","volume":"10","author":"Lebbad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113307","article-title":"An update on zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in humans","volume":"11","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2023.038","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: a foodborne zoonotic disease of farm animals and humans","volume":"43","author":"Javed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04049-0","article-title":"Trematode infection in ruminants and diversity of snail hosts across three agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Megersa","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017001","article-title":"Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in China: a review","volume":"24","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5455\/JRVS.20240706010641","article-title":"Bovine Hydatidosis in ambo municipality Abattior, West Shoa, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Zewdu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ethiop Vet J"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bovine hydatidosis in mekelle municipal abattoir","volume":"3","author":"Tkubet","year":"","journal-title":"World J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58489\/2836-3604\/010","article-title":"Prevalence of Hydatidosis in cattle, sheep, and goats slaughtered in Haramaya municipal abattoir, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Dima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Covid Res Treatment"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05788-z","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"81","article-title":"Prevalence of Hydatidosis and its financial losses in cattle slaughtered at Fedis District, eastern Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Abdulla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Sci Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0009370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009370","article-title":"Serology for the diagnosis of human hepatic cystic echinococcosis and its relation with cyst staging: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"173","article-title":"Prevalence and public health importance of bovine cysticercosis in and around Dessie, Amhara region, north East Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"Netsanet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nigerian J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2023.e00316","article-title":"Coprological and postmortem assessment and economic significance of bovine Fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at Tarcha municipal abattoir, southern Ethiopia","volume":"22","author":"Mathewos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2023.088","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus of sheep and goats from Asia\u2013a review of in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"43","author":"Qamar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2023.034","article-title":"Fasciolosis: recent update in vaccines development and their efficacy","volume":"43","author":"Rehman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6687665","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6687665","article-title":"Study on cattle Trematodiasis and related risk factors in Damot Sore District, Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia","volume":"2023","author":"Kebede","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v76i3.37","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis in Jimma municipal abattoir, south West Ethiopia","volume":"76","author":"Tolosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9338-3","article-title":"Major metacestodes in cattle slaughtered at Wolaita Soddo municipal abattoir, southern Ethiopia: prevalence, cyst viability, organ distribution and socioeconomic implications","volume":"41","author":"Regassa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v81i1.676","article-title":"Bovine cysticercosis and its food safety implications in Harari People\u2019s National Regional State, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"81","author":"Terefe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"467","article-title":"Prevalence of Tania saginata cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered in Addis Ababa municipal abattoir","volume":"8","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ethiop Glob Vet"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5897\/JPHE2014.0681","article-title":"Prevalence and public health significance of bovine cysticercosis at Elfora abattoir, Bishoftu, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Lielt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Public Heal Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.wjas.2016.12.4.23762","article-title":"Study on bovine Cysticercosis with special attention to its prevalence, economic losses and public health significance in and around Halaba Kulito town, South Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Hirpha","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Agric Sci"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"18","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine cysticercosis and status of human taeniasis in and around Asella town, Tiyoworeda, south East Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Edao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob J Med Res"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2010.257-262","article-title":"Bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Jimma municipal abattoir, South Western Ethiopia: prevalence, cyst viability and its socioeconomic importance","volume":"2","author":"Megersa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.22192\/ijarbs.2019.06.04.008","article-title":"Prevalence of Cysticercus bovis in cattle slaughtered at Bishoftu municipal abattoir; public health significance and community perception about zoonotic importance of taeniosis in Bishoftu","volume":"6","author":"Geinoro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.gv.2014.12.01.8119","article-title":"Metacestodes in cattle slaughtered at Shashemene municipal abattoir, southern Ethiopia: prevalence, cyst viability, organ distribution and financial losses","volume":"12","author":"Moje","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Vet"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.ejas.2015.7.4.96109","article-title":"Study on the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis in Kombolcha Elfora, northeastern Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Engdaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.ajbas.2012.4.6.66146","article-title":"Pathological conditions causing organ and carcass condemnation and their financial losses in cattle slaughtered in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Mesele","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr J Basic Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"25","article-title":"Prevalence of Cysticercus bovis at Dessie municipal abattoir, north East Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Yigizaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Abyssinia J Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7579.1000108","article-title":"Bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at zeway municipal abattoir: prevalence and its public health importance","volume":"2","author":"Bedu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22192\/ijcrbm.2017.02.02.001","article-title":"Prevalence of Cysticercus Bovis in cattle Slaughterd at Kombolcha ELFORA meat processing factory, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Kassaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Curr Res Biol Med"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.gv.2012.9.5.6547","article-title":"Public health and economic significance of bovine cysticercosis in Wolaita Soddo, southern Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob Vet"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7579.1000273","article-title":"Prevalence of Taenia saginata\/cysticercosis and community knowledge about zoonotic cestodes in and Around Batu, Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Teklemariam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ethiop J Vet Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v17i1.3","article-title":"Cysticercosis in cattle and its public health implications in Mekelle City and surrounding areas, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Abay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethiop Vet J"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v17i2.9","article-title":"Bovine cysticercosis and human taeniosis in south\u2013west Shoa zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Tadesse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethiop Vet J"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2022.e00248","article-title":"Epidemiological status of bovine cysticercosis and human taeniasis in eastern Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Abera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"54","article-title":"Public health implications of bovine Cysticercosis from cattle slaughtered at Dilla municipal abattoir, southern Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2020","journal-title":"East Afr J Biophys Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine Cysticercosis of slaughtered cattle in dale Wabera District municipal abattoir","volume":"1","author":"Bayou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Western Ethiop Int J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"73","article-title":"Studies on the prevalence, cyst viability, organ distribution and public health significance of bovine cysticercosis in ambo municipality abattoir, western Shoa, Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Bekele","year":"","journal-title":"J Parasitol Vector Biol"},{"key":"ref103","first-page":"88","article-title":"Occurrence of cysticercosis in cattle of parts of Tigray region of Ethiopia","volume":"47","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302231164298","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of Cysticercosis bovis in Bishoftu municipal abattoir, Central Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Fesseha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Health Insights"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.25.525623","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine Cysticercosis, human Taeniasis and Asociated risk factors in selected towns of Silte zone, southern Ethiopia","author":"Mussa","year":"","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5897\/JVMAH11.029","article-title":"Prevalence and economic importance of liver parasites: hydatid cyst, Fasciola species and Cysticercus tenuicolis in sheep and goats slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise in Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Bayu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Med Anim Health"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.5897\/JVMAH2014.0337","article-title":"Bovine hydatidosis: prevalence, public health and its economic significance in and around Harar, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Belina","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Med Anim Health"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7579.1000186","article-title":"Prevalence of hydatid cyst in cattle at municipal Abbatoir of Shire","volume":"5","author":"Asfaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038628","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2038628","article-title":"Cyst viability and economic significance of Hydatidosis in southern Ethiopia","volume":"2019","author":"Guduro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-008-9234-2","article-title":"Hydatidosis of slaughtered cattle in Wolaita Sodo abattoir, southern Ethiopia","volume":"41","author":"Kebede","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of hydatidosis in animals slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Fikire","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Parasitol Vector Biol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2019.100050","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered cattle at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise","volume":"7","author":"Kumsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethiop Vet Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.gv.2013.11.6.81112","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis of cattle in Jimma municipal abattoir, south West Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Abera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob Vet"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"17","article-title":"Study on prevalence and monetary loss attributed to Hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Jimma municipal abattoir, Southwestern Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Temam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob J Med Res G Vet Sci Vet Med"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.abr.2016.315.322","article-title":"The prevalence, cyst viability, organ distribution and economic importance of bovine Hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Debre Berhan municipal abattoir, north Shewa zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Tibebu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Biol Res"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.29121\/granthaalayah.v5.i7.2017.2108","article-title":"Study on prevalence and cyst characterization of hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Wolayta Soddo municipal abattoir","volume":"5","author":"Abera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Res Granthaalayah"},{"key":"ref117","first-page":"7","article-title":"Hydatidosis\/echinococcosis: its prevalence, economic and public health significance in Dodola district, western Arsi zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Hailu Tolossa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Parasitol (Internet)"},{"key":"ref118","first-page":"17","article-title":"Research article prevalence, cyst viability, fertility and economic significance of bovine hydatidosis in an abattoir at Kombolcha, Ethiopia","volume":"55","author":"Nasr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haryana Vet"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2019.e00096","article-title":"Zoonotic metacestodes and associated fi nancial loss from cattle slaughtered at Yabello municipal abattoir","volume":"5","author":"Beyene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"key":"ref120","first-page":"11","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of Hepato-Pulmonary bovine Hydatidosis and its economic and zoonotic importance at Jimma municipal abattoir, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Atsede","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Agricult Healthcare"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5455\/ijlr.20160717032536","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine hydatidosis and its economic importance in cattle slaughtered at Bahir Dar municipal abattoir, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Tadesse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Livest Res"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7579.1000197","article-title":"Study on prevalence and economic significance of bovine hydatidosis in Bako Muncipal Abattoir, West Shoa Zone, Oromiya Regional State","volume":"5","author":"Haftu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7537\/marsbnj030417.05","article-title":"Retrospective study on bovine Hydatidosis at Gondar Elfora abattoir","volume":"3","author":"Belisty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Nurs"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.22192\/ijarbs.2020.07.11.018","article-title":"A study on the prevalence, distribution and economic significance of echinococcosis\/Hydatidosis in livestock (cattle, sheep, goats and pigs) slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Gemeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.mejsr.2016.3520.3526","article-title":"Study on prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine hydatidosis in Hawassa Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"Yohannes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Middle-East J Sci Res"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.5897\/JVMAH2014.0316","article-title":"Prevalence, cyst viability, organ distributions and financial losses due to hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Nekemte municipal abattoir, Western Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Moje","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Med Anim Health"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9320-0","article-title":"Abattoir survey on cattle hydatidosis in Tigray region of Ethiopia","volume":"41","author":"Berhe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.17420\/ap6704.379","article-title":"Original paper cystic echinococcosis, a food-borne zoonotic neglected tropical disease in slaughtered cattle at Jimma town municipal abattoir, Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"67","author":"Dana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13188\/2325-4645.1000030","article-title":"The prevalence of bovine Hydatidosis among slaughtered cattle at Debre Berhan municipal abattoir, north Shewa zone, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Akeberegn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Sci Med"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-940X.2016.00033.4","article-title":"Prevalence, cyst characterization and economic importance of bovine Hydatidosis in Addis Ababa abattoirs Enterprise, Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Andualem","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anim Res"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"8","article-title":"Prevalence and financial loss of bovine hydatidosis from cattle slaughtered at Adama municipal abattoir, south eastern Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Serda","year":"","journal-title":"J Parasitol Vector Biol (Internet)"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-008-9188-4","article-title":"Current status of bovine cysticercosis of slaughtered cattle in Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia","volume":"2009","author":"Kebede","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01250.x","article-title":"Prevalence and financial effects of Hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered in Birre-Sheleko and Dangila abattoirs, northwestern Ethiopia","volume":"58","author":"Kebede","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2022.e00262","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in Gessa, southern Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"Mathewos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-008-9152-3","article-title":"Hydatidosis of slaughtered animals in Bahir Dar abattoir, northwestern Ethiopia","volume":"41","author":"Kebede","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9680-5","article-title":"Occurrence and financial loss assessment of cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) in cattle slaughtered at Wolayita Sodo municipal abattoir, southern Ethiopia","volume":"43","author":"Bekele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0906-2","article-title":"Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors for toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in southwestern Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Tegegne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263470","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4263470","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection among domestic ruminants in east Hararghe zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia","volume":"2018","author":"Tilahun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-117","article-title":"Seroepidemiological study of ovine toxoplasmosis in east and west Shewa zones of Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Gebremedhin","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.07.020","article-title":"Seroepidemiological study of caprine toxoplasmosis in East and West Shewa Zones, Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia","volume":"94","author":"Zewdu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"486","article-title":"Serological survey on toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in Nazareth, Ethiopia","volume":"155","author":"Negash","year":"","journal-title":"Rev Med Vet"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.wasj.2014.31.11.83312","article-title":"Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in three districts of southern nations, nationalities and peoples\u2019 region of Ethiopia","volume":"31","author":"Gebremedhin","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-696","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats slaughtered for human consumption in Central Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Gebremedhin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6683797","article-title":"Seroprevalence and public health significance of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants of pastoral Community in Yabello District, Borana zone, southern Ethiopia","volume":"2021","author":"Jilo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.gv.2022.79.86","article-title":"Sero prevalence and assessment of risk factors for toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants in and around Sebeta town, Ethiopia","volume":"24","author":"Zewde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob Vet"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3219-7","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in bovine calves: prevalence and potential risk factors in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Ayele","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.apg.2017.50.57","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves in Asella town, south eastern, Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Birhanu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol Glob"},{"key":"ref148","first-page":"59","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle calves and its public health significance in Central Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Anberber","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adv Vet Res"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0916-0","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis in lambs in Oromia special zone, Central Ethiopia","volume":"13","author":"Wegayehu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7537\/marsjas160820.06","article-title":"Study on eimeria and cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle farms of Holeta, west shoa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Gashaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03497-w","article-title":"Cryptosporidium in human-animal-environment interphase at Adama and Asella areas of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"Berhanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref152","first-page":"592","article-title":"Epidemiological Study of Small Ruminant Cryptosporidium Infection in Ziway Dugda District of East Arsi Zone, Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1468242","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in calves in and around Nekemte town, east Wollega zone of Ethiopia","volume":"2022","author":"Ebiyo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.ajbas.2015.7.5.95160","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in calves, lambs and goat kids in Bishoftu, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Ayana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr J Basic Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-007-9104-3","article-title":"Calf morbidity and mortality in smallholder dairy farms in Ada\u2019a Liben district of Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"40","author":"Wudu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref156","volume-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in calves and hospitalized human in Libo Kemkem District, northwestern","author":"Tekle","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.gv.2022.109.127","article-title":"Prevalence and assessment of risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in calves in selected districts of Oromia special zone, Central Ethiopia","volume":"24","author":"Belfa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob Vet"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02830-z","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis: an emerging zoonosis in southern regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pakistan. BMC veterinary research"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1501940\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T04:15:17Z","timestamp":1749010517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1501940\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":158,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2025.1501940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1501940","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"article-number":"1501940"}}