{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T20:06:19Z","timestamp":1779048379923,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated vaccination and prophylactic use of antimicrobials as strategies to prevent Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy (PPE) during nursery and growth-finishing phases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred weaned piglets (~ 29 days old) were distributed into groups: NVMED \u2013 no vaccinated against <jats:italic>Lawsonia intracellularis<\/jats:italic> but in-feed medicated with antimicrobials (amoxicillin, florfenicol, lincomycin, spectinomycin and tilmicosin); VMED \u2013 vaccinated and in-feed medicated; VNMED \u2013 vaccinated but no in-feed medicated. Piglets were vaccinated at weaning (Porcilis<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Ileitis, MSD Animal Health). The following variables were assessed: growth and health performance, anti-<jats:italic>L. intracellularis<\/jats:italic> IgG levels, <jats:italic>L. intracellularis<\/jats:italic> fecal shedding, Pneumonia and Pleurisy Index (PPI) at slaughter, antimicrobial consumption and costs, and vaccination expenses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average daily gain (ADG) at the nursery phase was lower in VNMED group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01); however, there was no treatment effect on feed conversion, ADG, and body weight at growth-finishing phase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2265 0.23). Similar anti-<jats:italic>L. intracellularis<\/jats:italic> IgG levels were found for VMED and VNMED groups at all evaluated moments (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). <jats:italic>L. intracellularis<\/jats:italic> was only detected in feces samples from 4\/90 tested piglets and no difference in health performance was found (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). Groups presented PPI &amp;lt; 0.89. In-feed antimicrobial consumption and related costs were 3 to 3.5-fold higher for NVMED and VMED groups compared to VNMED group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prophylactic administration of antimicrobials used in this study did not affect the serological performance post-vaccination against <jats:italic>L. intracellularis<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, vaccine use to prevent PPE reduced the antimicrobial consumption and related costs by ~70%, with no impairments on production outputs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1538206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T14:21:42Z","timestamp":1740406902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaccination versus antimicrobials to prevent Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy: associated costs and effects on piglets\u2019 growth, health, and serological performance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marco Aur\u00e9lio","family":"Gallina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monike Willemin","family":"Quirino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Frandoloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuso Henrique","family":"Tutida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Norenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arlei","family":"Coldebella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jalusa Deon","family":"Kich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.161.1.26","article-title":"Field evaluation of an oral attenuated Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine for porcine proliferative enteropathy (ileitis)","volume":"161","author":"McOrist","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1079\/ahr2005109","article-title":"Proliferative enteropathy: a global enteric disease of pigs caused by Lawsonia intracellularis","volume":"6","author":"Kroll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas68-008","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in different swine populations in 3 provinces in 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