{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:06:24Z","timestamp":1788793584572,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The epidemiology of filarial infections is a neglected area of bat research, with little information on filarial species diversity, life cycles, host ranges, infection prevalence and intensity, parasite pathogenicity, or competent vectors. Furthermore, molecular data for filarial worms are largely lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we examined 27 cadavers of parti-colored bat (<jats:italic>Vespertilio murinus<\/jats:italic>) from Czech rescue centers for filarial infection using gross necropsy. We also used nested polymerase chain reactions targeting partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (<jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>) partial gene to detect and genotype filarial parasites within organs, and ectoparasites of <jats:italic>V. murinus<\/jats:italic> from Russian and Slovak summer bat colonies. Samples with mixed filarial infections were cloned to extract separate sequences. The <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic> gene sequences were then subjected to phylogenetic analysis and a phylogenetic tree constructed. Adult filarial worms were also screened for the bacterial symbiont Wolbachia, using a standard PCR targeting the partial <jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic> gene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two filarial nematode species were identified in single and mixed <jats:italic>V. murinus<\/jats:italic> infections, <jats:italic>Litomosa<\/jats:italic> sp. and a species of Onchocercidae. Adult <jats:italic>Litomosa<\/jats:italic> sp. nematodes were only recorded during necropsy of the abdominal, thoracic, and gravid uterine cavities of four bats. Molecular screening of organs for filarial DNA revealed prevalences of 81.5, 51.9 and 48.1% in <jats:italic>Litomosa<\/jats:italic> sp., Onchocercid sp. and co-infected bats, respectively. Adult <jats:italic>Litomosa<\/jats:italic> sp. worms proved negative for <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>. The macronyssid mite <jats:italic>Steatonyssus spinosus<\/jats:italic>, collected in western Siberia (Russia), tested positive for Onchocercid sp. and mixed microfilarial infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results revealed high prevalence, extensive geographic distribution and a potential vector of filarial infection in <jats:italic>V. murinus<\/jats:italic>. Our data represent an important contribution to the field of bat parasitology and indicate the need for a taxonomic revision of bat-infecting filarial nematodes based on both morphological and molecular methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1546353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T10:09:59Z","timestamp":1741169399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Filariasis of parti-colored bats: phylogenetic analysis, infection prevalence, and possible vector mite identification"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sarka","family":"Bednarikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Danek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heliana","family":"Dundarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Nemcova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Piacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Zukalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Zukal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Pikula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.06.007","article-title":"Molecular systematics of filarial parasites, with an emphasis on groups of medical and veterinary importance, and its relevance for epidemiology","volume":"9","author":"Morales-Hojas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Enteric nematodes of humans","volume-title":"Medical Microbiology","author":"Cross","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527823413.ch2","article-title":"Filariae as organisms","volume-title":"Human and Animal Filariases","author":"M\u00e4ser","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527823413.ch6","article-title":"Veterinary diagnosis of filarial infection","volume-title":"Human and Animal Filariases","author":"Evans","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0145709","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145709","article-title":"Diversity, host specialization, and geographic structure of filarial nematodes infecting Malagasy bats","volume":"11","author":"Ramasindrazana","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4020077","article-title":"Litomosoides sp. 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