{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T20:38:14Z","timestamp":1774643894540,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Standing caesarian section (C-section) in mares is poorly documented in the literature. It is reportedly straightforward to perform for veterinarians experienced in bovine practice and is more accessible and less expensive than recumbent techniques. The study aimed to create a survey to report the outcomes of in field C-section through a flank laparotomy with the mare standing under sedation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey was developed for field veterinarians practicing standing C-sections. Data were collected regarding the veterinarian\u2019s experience and practice type, details about the mare and the reasons for performing the standing C-section in the field, the mare\u2019s condition during the procedure, as well as information on asepsis protocols, anesthesia, surgical techniques, medications used, and the follow-up of complications, including the survival outcomes of both the mare and the foal. Complication and survival rates were then used to determine potential risk factors. Fisher\u2019s exact tests were used, and significance was set at <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>35 questionnaires, each addressing one C-section case, completed by a total of 19 veterinarians were considered. The most important factor for performing the surgery was the economic concern. The main postoperative complication of the surgery was infection\/dehiscence of the wound (12\/34). The mare survival rate at 1\u202fyear was 74% (25\/34). The foal survival rate at 6\u202fmonths was 20% (7\/35). More live foals were delivered when dystocia lasted less than 2\u202fh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This survey shows that performing a standing C-section in the field might be a viable technique, both economically and in terms of mare\u2019s and foal\u2019s survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1548978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T17:18:09Z","timestamp":1745515089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Survey on outcomes of emergency standing caesarean section in equids"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Geoffroy","family":"de la Rebi\u00e8re de Pouyade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Binard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9fan","family":"Deleuze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Ponthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1972.tb03890.x","article-title":"Some aspects of equine obstetrics","volume":"4","author":"Vandeplassche","year":"1972","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.7.927","article-title":"Survival rates of mares and foals and postoperative complications and fertility of mares after cesarean section: 95 cases (1986-2000)","volume":"241","author":"Abernathy-Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0867-7.00062-4","article-title":"Ovaries and uterus","volume-title":"Equine Surgery","author":"Embertson","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2002.tb01795.x","article-title":"Indications and surgical techniques for caesarean section in the Mare","volume":"14","author":"Embertson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01143.x","article-title":"Cesarean section in 19 mares results and postoperative fertility","volume":"19","author":"Juzwiak","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12158","article-title":"Field caesarean section in seven miniature horses and ponies (2009-2012)","volume":"48","author":"Gandini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb03173.x","article-title":"Caesarean section and other methods for assisted delivery: comparison of effects on Mare mortality and complications","volume":"31","author":"Freeman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1974.tb03944.x","article-title":"Elective caesarean section in the Mare for the production of Gnotobiotic foals","volume":"6","author":"Edwards","year":"1974","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1980.tb02307.x","article-title":"Obstetrician's view of the physiology of equine parturition and dystocia","volume":"12","author":"Vandeplassche","year":"1980","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.197.12.1639","article-title":"Elective cesarean section in mares: eight cases (1980-1989)","volume":"197","author":"Watkins","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403775467405","article-title":"Dystocia in a referral hospital setting: approach and results","volume":"35","author":"Byron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2010.00046.x","article-title":"Dystocia in Friesian mares: prevalence, causes and outcome following caesarean section","volume":"22","author":"Maaskant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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