{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:37:10Z","timestamp":1785760630782,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an important cause of quality of life in dogs and their owners. There are different diagnostic tools to evaluate sensitization to allergens in CAD; however, there is little information to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review aiming to assess the accuracy of allergen sensitization tests in CAD patients was performed. The search was planned, executed, and reported following PRISMA standards. The OVID\u00ae\/MEDLINE, PubMed\u00ae, SciELO, and Redalyc databases were searched to find relevant studies comprising \u201cdiagnostic method\u201d (OR test OR diagnosis OR method OR diagnostic OR paraclinic=) AND (atopic = OR hypersensitivity* OR allergen* OR \u201callergic reaction*\u201d OR atopy) AND (dermatitis OR eczema OR scratching OR prurit = OR erythema OR rash OR edema) AND (canine OR dog* OR bitch* OR pupp*) search. Defined relevant articles were systematized, and content was analyzed via Atlas TI Scientific Software Development Software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The groups of diagnostic tests included the intradermal test (IDT), serologic-specific allergen test (SAT), skin prick test (SPT), and patch test. Combining the results from all the search engines and deduplicate elimination, yielded 928 eligible citations published between 1963 and 2024, and the 72 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in the qualitative synthesis evaluating SAT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f36), IDT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f37), SPT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f2), and patch tests (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f1) reporting the use of 136 different allergens. Favrot\u2019s clinical criteria were applied in 41.6% of the studies (30\/72), with no previous consensus on the case definition for CAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the review indicate that there is little information available to establish the diagnostic performance of the tests, which makes it difficult to make a recommendation regarding their use. In this systematic review they identified gaps in current knowledge that suggest the need for future research to standardize allergenic extracts, define cutoff points in serological tests, and consider environmental, geographic, and demographic variables. These findings provide a solid basis for improving the diagnosis and management of CAD and guiding future research in this field. Further studies are needed to adequately establish the diagnostic performance of the tests and their actual clinical usefulness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1551207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T05:24:53Z","timestamp":1747805093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of diagnostic testing for allergen sensitization in canine atopic dermatitis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Roger","family":"Morales-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda S.","family":"Gonzalez-Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia M.","family":"Correa-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan G.","family":"Maldonado-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101745","article-title":"Survey of the UK veterinary profession: common species and conditions nominated by veterinarians in practice","volume":"174","author":"Nielsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00781.x","article-title":"Development of a questionnaire to assess the impact of atopic dermatitis on health-related quality of life of affected dogs and their owners","volume":"21","author":"Favrot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.08.008","article-title":"Assessing quality of life for pets with dermatologic disease and their owners","volume":"49","author":"Noli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100813","article-title":"Behaviooural differences in dogs with atopic dermatitis suggest stress could be a significant problem associated with chronic pruritus","volume":"9","author":"Harvey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.2381-2387","article-title":"Comparing the results of intradermal skin tests for four dust mite allergens in dogs with atopic dermatitis in Thailand","volume":"13","author":"Chermprapai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.10.008","article-title":"Allergy to human seminal fluid: cross-reactivity with dog dander","volume":"121","author":"Basaga\u00f1a","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.01.004","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis in West Highland White terriers with atopic dermatitis","volume":"209","author":"Agler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.07.045","article-title":"Is the pathology in atopic dermatitis limited only to the skin?","volume":"8","author":"Brownstone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.98","article-title":"Canine models of atopic dermatitis: a useful tool with untapped potential","volume":"129","author":"Marsella","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2021.112999","article-title":"Array-based measurements of aero-allergen-specific IgE correlate with skin-prick test reactivity in asthma regardless of specific IgG4 or total IgE measurements","volume":"492","author":"Hamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420061987","volume-title":"Allergens and allergen immunotherapy","author":"Lockey","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.874","article-title":"Evaluation of cross-reactivity of allergens by use of intradermal testing in atopic dogs","volume":"63","author":"Mueller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12104","article-title":"Agreement between allergen-specific IgE assays and ensuing immunotherapy recommendations from four commercial laboratories in the USA","volume":"25","author":"Plant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00758.x","article-title":"A prospective study on the clinical features of chronic canine atopic dermatitis and its diagnosis","volume":"21","author":"Favrot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0959-4493.2001.00261.x","article-title":"Serum antibodies to Malassezia yeasts in canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"12","author":"Nuttall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(02)00360-7","article-title":"The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00296-3","article-title":"The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (I): incidence and prevalence","volume":"81","author":"Hillier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00925.x","article-title":"Breed-associated phenotypes in canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"22","author":"Wilhem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"91","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume-title":"Cote\u2019s clinical veterinary advisor dogs and cats","author":"Cohn","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2006.00502.x","article-title":"Patch testing of experimentally sensitized beagle dogs: development of a model for skin lesions of atopic dermatitis","volume":"17","author":"Olivry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1880-2","article-title":"Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (7): signalment and cutaneous manifestations of dogs and cats with adverse food reactions","volume":"15","author":"Olivry","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02684-x","article-title":"A descriptive study of allergen-specific IgE serological tests for canine atopic dermatitis in Thailand","volume":"16","author":"Chermprapai","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2023.105002","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Dermatophagoides farinae-specific IgE in dogs with atopic dermatitis in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"164","author":"Frezza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.13187","article-title":"Pilot study to determine the concordance between skin prick and intradermal test (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergens in atopic dogs using IDT as the gold standard","volume":"34","author":"Fleischman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(02)00151-0","article-title":"Evaluation of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in dogs","volume":"74","author":"S\u00e6vik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.57.683","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen in dogs","volume":"57","author":"Sasaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1997.tb11264.x","article-title":"Serum and skin IgA concentrations in normal and atopic dogs","volume":"75","author":"Mueller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(96)05550-x","article-title":"The significance of reactions to purified fractions of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae in canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"52","author":"Noli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.1998.00110.x","article-title":"Comparison of two diagnostic tests for canine atopy using monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies","volume":"9","author":"H\u00e4mmerling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.08.004","article-title":"Immunoproteomic characterization of a Dermatophagoides farinae extract used in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"180","author":"Moya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"359","article-title":"Allergen specific IgGd antibodies in dogs with atopic dermatitis as determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)","volume":"59","author":"Willemse","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02768-2","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G1 subclass responses can be used to detect specific allergy to the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in atopic dogs","volume":"17","author":"Khantavee","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034-5288(96)90088-0","article-title":"Subclass profile of allergen-specific IgG antibodies in atopic dogs","volume":"61","author":"Day","year":"1996","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(97)00119-0","article-title":"Auto IgG anti-IgE and IgG \u00d7 IgE immune complex presence and effects on ELISA-based quantitation of IgE in canine atopic dermatitis, demodectic acariasis and helminthiasis","volume":"60","author":"Hammerberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-2427(98)00199-8","article-title":"Allergen-specific IgE and IgGd antibodies in atopic and normal dogs","volume":"66","author":"Lian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.12729\/jbr.2014.15.4.162","article-title":"Prevalence of serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E for canine atopic dermatitis in Korea","volume":"15","author":"Jang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.995","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro tests showing sensitization to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergen in atopic dogs","volume":"62","author":"Masuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11824.x","article-title":"Aero-allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern Australia based on 1000 intradermal skin tests","volume":"78","author":"Mueller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-022-00744-5","article-title":"Comparison of sensitization patterns to dust mite allergens between atopic dermatitis patients and dogs, and non-specific reactivity of canine IgE to the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae","volume":"88","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12044","article-title":"Cross-reaction and co-sensitization among related and unrelated allergens in canine intradermal tests","volume":"24","author":"Buckley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100710","article-title":"Characterisation of dog sensitisation to grass pollen in western France from 1999 to 2010","volume":"172","author":"Roussel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32221-5","article-title":"Investigations of the symptomatology and the significance of immediate skin test reactivity in canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"34","author":"Willemse","year":"1983","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1998.tb00811.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a commercial ELISA test for the detection of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in atopic dogs","volume":"45","author":"Ginel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.1998.00125.x","article-title":"Comparison between IMMUNODOT tests and the intradermal skin test in atopic dogs","volume":"9","author":"Zunic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1999.tb10263.x","article-title":"Comparison of intradermal testing and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE using monoclonal IgE antibodies in 84 atopic dogs","volume":"77","author":"Mueller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-2427(99)00142-7","article-title":"IgE sensitivity and cross-reactivity to crude and purified mite allergens (Der f 1, Der f 2, Der p 1, Der p 2) in atopic dogs sensitive to Dermatophagoides mite allergens","volume":"72","author":"Masuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2001.0485","article-title":"Characterisation of major and minor Dermatophagoides allergens in canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"71","author":"Nuttall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(03)00052-7","article-title":"Comparison of intradermal and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE using a Fc\u03b5RI\u03b1-based assay in atopic dogs in the UK","volume":"93","author":"Foster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.32","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin E against storage mite allergens in dogs with atopic dermatitis","volume":"64","author":"Arlian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.56.2008.2.3","article-title":"Importance of house dust and storage mites in canine atopic dermatitis in the geographic region of Galicia, Spain","volume":"56","author":"Goicoa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2009.07.019","article-title":"Intra- and interlaboratory variability of allergen-specific IgE levels in atopic dogs in three different laboratories using the fc-\u025b receptor testing","volume":"133","author":"Thom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2012000900016","article-title":"Serological identification of house dust mite allergens in dogs with atopic dermatitis","volume":"32","author":"Cunha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pesq Vet Bras"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-014-0081-z","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for increased serum levels of allergen-specific IgE in a population of Norwegian dogs","volume":"56","author":"Bjelland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2014.15.4.545","article-title":"Sensitization rates of causative allergens for dogs with atopic dermatitis: detection of canine allergen-specific IgE","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2015-0045","article-title":"Comparison of IgE test results with intradermal skin tests for dust mites and storage mites in atopic dogs","volume":"18","author":"Popiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-8224","article-title":"Sensitization study of dogs with atopic dermatitis in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"67","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104810","article-title":"Incidence of anti-Der f 2 and anti-Zen 1-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies in atopic dogs from south-East England","volume":"184","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6761","article-title":"Intralaboratory reliability and variability for allergen-specific immunoglobulin type E serology testing","volume":"55","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12904","article-title":"Detection and inhibition of IgE for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants evident in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of allergen-specific IgE in the sera of dogs and cats","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020358","article-title":"Detection of serum allergen-specific IgE in atopic dogs tested in northern Italy: preliminary study","volume":"11","author":"Di Tommaso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2021.110199","article-title":"Evaluation of sensitization to the crude extract of Dermatophagoides farinae and its derived allergens, Der f 2 and Zen 1, in dogs with atopic dermatitis in southern Brazil","volume":"234","author":"Ludwig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.05.002","article-title":"The detection of house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae, Der f 2 and Zen-1 allergen-specific immunoglobulin E antibodies in dogs with atopic dermatitis in Malaysia","volume":"212","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.1996-2003","article-title":"Detecting common allergens in dogs with atopic dermatitis in south Korean provinces using a serological immunoglobulin E-specific allergen test","volume":"15","author":"Adam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9111075","article-title":"Survey of sensitization to common Fungi in an allergic dog population: the need for further focus on sensitization and allergy to Fungi in veterinary medicine","volume":"9","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"JoF"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32438-X","article-title":"Evaluation of the intradermal allergy test in normal dogs","volume":"32","author":"Willemse","year":"1982","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(94)05306-D","article-title":"Canine atopic disease: the prevalence of positive intradermal skin tests at two sites in the north and south of Great Britain","volume":"44","author":"Sture","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"548","volume-title":"Veterinary clinical immunology","author":"Halliwell","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02739.x","article-title":"Estimation of Der p and Der f I quantities in the reference preparations of Dermatophagoides mite extracts","volume":"24","author":"Yasueda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000234137","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of two allergens from Dermatophagoides farinae","volume":"81","author":"Yasueda","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000235021","article-title":"Measurement of allergens associated with dust mite allergy. I. Development of sensitive radioimmunoassays for the two groups of Dermatophagoides mite allergens, Der I and Der II","volume":"90","author":"Yasueda","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-2427(99)00040-9","article-title":"Canine atopic dermatitis in Greece: clinical observations and the prevalence of positive intradermal test reactions in 91 spontaneous cases","volume":"69","author":"Saridomichelakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Allergic skin diseases of dogs and cats","author":"Reedy","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.983","article-title":"Comparison of response to immunotherapy by intradermal skin test and antigen-specific IgE in canine atopy","volume":"62","author":"Park","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.536","article-title":"Reactivity to intradermal injection of extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, house dust mite mix, and house dust in dogs suspected to have atopic dermatitis: 115 cases (1996-1998)","volume":"217","author":"Hillier","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2004.00400x","article-title":"Determination of threshold concentrations of allergens and evaluation of two different histamine concentrations in canine intradermal testing","volume":"15","author":"Hensel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2011.12.3.287","article-title":"Common allergens of atopic dermatitis in dogs: comparative findings based on intradermal tests","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2007000800004","article-title":"Evaluation of skin sensitivity in dogs bearing allergic dermatitis to standardized allergenic extract of house dust and storage mites","volume":"27","author":"Cunha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pesq Vet Bras"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5638","article-title":"Comparison of subjective and objective intradermal allergy test scoring methods in dogs with atopic dermatitis","volume":"47","author":"Hubbard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00448","article-title":"Evaluation of skin prick-test reactions for allergic sensitization in dogs with clinical symptoms compatible with atopic dermatitis. A pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Carmona-Gil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01111.x","article-title":"Validation of a novel epicutaneous delivery system for patch testing of house dust mite-hypersensitive dogs","volume":"23","author":"Olivry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00415.x","article-title":"Intradermal testing with the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae in normal dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis in Colorado","volume":"16","author":"Mueller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.07.010","article-title":"The prevalence of positive intradermal allergy tests in 114 dogs with atopic dermatitis in the Bangkok metropolis, Thailand","volume":"126","author":"Chanthick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"30","article-title":"The incidence of positive intradermal skin test reactions in dogs with atopic dermatitis","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"JVCS"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2478\/v10181-011-0014-y","article-title":"The results of intradermal skin tests (IDST) in dogs with atopic dermatitis from the Lublin voivodeship","volume":"14","author":"Taszkun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12967","article-title":"Allergen components of Dermatophagoides farinae recognised by serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E in Thai dogs with atopic dermatitis","volume":"32","author":"Khantavee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1551207\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T05:24:55Z","timestamp":1747805095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1551207\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2025.1551207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1551207","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"article-number":"1551207"}}