{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T07:51:56Z","timestamp":1782373916186,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rumen is one of the most vital organs for the digestion of ruminants and is influenced by factors including feeding patterns and nutrition. How rumen microbiota and barrier function change are affected feeding patterns requires attention, particularly for beef cattle. In the present study, the Honghe cattle under grazing (CON group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f10) and housed feeding (HES group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f10) conditions were selected as a model of different rumen microbiota and observed for 180\u202fdays. The indicators of immunity and antioxidants in serum and rumen epithelium of cattle were measured; and the rumen microbiota were evaluated by using 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing techniques. In the present study, the concentrations of total protein, albumin and glucose in serum of Honghe cattle were significantly increased by the HES group when compared with CON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). The HES group reduced the levels of complement 3, complement 4, interleukin-4, interleukin-10, interleukin-1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, but increased the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). We found that the HES group enhanced the levels of T-AOC and SOD in rumen epithelium (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant up-regulation of the relative mRNA expressions of <jats:italic>ZO-1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>OCC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SOD1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SOD2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nrf2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>NQO-1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HO-1<\/jats:italic> observed in the HES group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). For rumen microbiota, the HES group significantly decreased alpha diversity. The core rumen bacterial communities were Bacteroidata, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The relative abundances of <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic> were increased by the HES group, but <jats:italic>norank_f_Bacteroidales_UCG-001<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae_UCG-003<\/jats:italic> were decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Moreover, The HES group enhanced the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Pichia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cyllamyces<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Sterigmatomyces<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Wallemia<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), but decreased <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). There was a positive correlation between microorganisms such as <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pichia<\/jats:italic> and rumen epithelial barrier and antioxidant-related genes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Overall, housed feeding contributed to the improvement of antioxidant capacity and rumen health in Honghe cattle, which may be related to the modulation of rumen microbiota including bacteria and fungi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1556934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T13:46:36Z","timestamp":1741614396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Housed feeding improves rumen health by influencing the composition of the microbiota in Honghe cattle"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Runqi","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjia","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binlong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2020.1813581","article-title":"Effects of grazing in a sown pasture with forestland on the health of Japanese black cows as evaluated by multiple indicators","volume":"24","author":"Nakajima","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Welf Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2218-9","article-title":"Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-02022-5","article-title":"Dynamic changes in the gastrointestinal microbial communities of Gangba sheep and analysis of their functions in plant biomass degradation at high altitude","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-58","article-title":"Environmental stressors influencing hormones and systems physiology in cattle","volume":"12","author":"Bova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859623000357","article-title":"Comparison of the welfare of beef cattle in housed and grazing systems: hormones, health, and behaviour","volume":"161","author":"Cooke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Agric Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682989","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.682989","article-title":"Microbiome and metabolomics reveal the effects of different feeding systems on the growth and ruminal development of yaks","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388704","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2024.2388704","article-title":"A review of emerging technologies, nutritional practices, and management strategies to improve intramuscular fat composition in beef cattle","volume":"35","author":"Abebe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.18.0966","article-title":"Effects of winter and spring housing on growth performance and blood metabolites of Pengbo semi-wool sheep in Tibet","volume":"32","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Australas J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-19","article-title":"Peripheral and gastrointestinal immune systems of healthy cattle raised outdoors at pasture or indoors on a concentrate-based ration","volume":"6","author":"Lejeune","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2017.06.001","article-title":"Rumen function and development","volume":"33","author":"Baldwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14020313","article-title":"Protective effects of niacin on rumen epithelial cell barrier integrity in heat-stressed beef cattle","volume":"14","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02206","article-title":"Effect of dietary forage to concentrate ratios on dynamic profile changes and interactions of ruminal microbiota and metabolites in Holstein heifers","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365300","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1365300","article-title":"Intensive feeding alters the rumen microbiota and its fermentation parameters in natural grazing yaks","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13091316","article-title":"Impact of various ration energy levels on the slaughtering performance, carcass characteristics, and meat qualities of Honghe yellow cattle","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skad080","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad080","article-title":"Effects of low-energy diet supplemented with betaine on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum metabolomic profiles in growing pigs","volume":"101","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.11.017","article-title":"Increased TLR4 expression in murine placentas after oral infection with periodontal pathogens","volume":"30","author":"Arce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982338","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.982338","article-title":"Comparison of rumen bacterial communities between yaks (Bos grunniens) and Qaidam cattle (Bos taurus) fed a low protein diet with different energy levels","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237955","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1237955","article-title":"The epithelial transcriptome and mucosal microbiota are altered for goats fed with a low-protein diet","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.05.030","article-title":"Recent selection and introgression facilitated high-altitude adaptation in cattle","volume":"69","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Bull"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1203","article-title":"24-hour postnatal total serum protein concentration affects the health and growth performance of female Holstein dairy calves","volume":"9","author":"Aghakhani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.889188","article-title":"Human albumin: old, new, and emerging applications","volume":"18","author":"Rozga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Transplant"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.05.015","article-title":"Clinical indications for the albumin use: still a controversial issue","volume":"24","author":"Caraceni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1451","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia: pathogenesis and clinical significance","volume":"43","author":"Soeters","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26338","article-title":"Albumin: pathophysiologic basis of its role in the treatment of cirrhosis and its complications","volume":"58","author":"Garcia-Martinez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060371","article-title":"Effects of grazing on the behaviour, oxidative and immune status, and production of organic dairy cows","volume":"9","author":"Di Grigoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731110002685","article-title":"Podolian beef production on pasture and in confinement","volume":"5","author":"Braghieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02716","article-title":"Structural immunology of complement receptors 3 and 4","volume":"9","author":"Vorup-Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236008","article-title":"Cytokines in inflammatory disease","volume":"20","author":"Kany","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13529","article-title":"Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets","volume":"105","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol An N"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"268","article-title":"Free radical scavenging effect and antioxidant activities of barley leaves","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.113001","article-title":"Interleukin 10 inhibits oxidative stress-induced autophagosome formation in hepatic stellate cells by activating the mTOR-STAT3 pathway","volume":"411","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052415","article-title":"Immune responses in the liver","volume":"36","author":"Kubes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau6085","article-title":"Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen","volume":"4","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71569-2","article-title":"Ruminal lipopolysaccharide concentration and inflammatory response during grain-induced subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows","volume":"90","author":"Gozho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9030250","article-title":"Dietary postbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum improves serum and ruminal antioxidant activity and upregulates hepatic antioxidant enzymes and ruminal barrier function in post-weaning lambs","volume":"9","author":"Izuddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12070908","article-title":"The effect of sustainable feeding systems, combining total mixed rations and pasture, on milk fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity in Jersey dairy cows","volume":"12","author":"\u0218anta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.047","article-title":"The tight junction protein ZO-1 is dispensable for barrier function but critical for effective mucosal repair","volume":"161","author":"Kuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9030256","article-title":"Effect of dioscorea opposite waste supplementation on antioxidant capacity, immune response and rumen microbiome in weaned lambs","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1213-9","article-title":"Effects of dietary energy levels on rumen bacterial community composition in Holstein heifers under the same forage to concentrate ratio condition","volume":"18","author":"Bi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39953-2","article-title":"The effects of Selenohomolanthionine supplementation on the rumen eukaryotic diversity of Shaanbei white cashmere wether goats","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00993-10","article-title":"Characterization of novel bovine gastrointestinal tract Treponema isolates and comparison with bovine digital dermatitis treponemes","volume":"77","author":"Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12134","article-title":"Beyond phylotyping: understanding the impact of gut microbiota on host biology","volume":"25","author":"Reigstad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113167","article-title":"Composition of fecal microbiota in grazing and feedlot Angus beef cattle","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363664","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1363664","article-title":"Crosstalk between innate immunity and rumen-fecal microbiota under the cold stress in goats","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00366-0","article-title":"Gut microbiota as an antioxidant system in centenarians associated with high antioxidant activities of gut-resident Lactobacillus","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Npj Biofilms Microbi"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1817","article-title":"Polysaccharide utilization by gut bacteria: potential for new insights from genomic analysis","volume":"6","author":"Flint","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100197","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2100197","article-title":"The interplay of gut microbiota between donors and recipients determines the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104088","article-title":"Systematic review of donor and recipient predictive biomarkers of response to faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"81","author":"Rees","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112233","article-title":"Cysteamine supplementation in vitro remarkably promoted rumen fermentation efficiency towards propionate production via Prevotella enrichment and enhancing antioxidant capacity","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105919","article-title":"Ferulic acid combined with different dietary fibers improve glucose metabolism and intestinal barrier function by regulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"112","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040548","article-title":"The effect of combining millet and corn straw as source forage for beef cattle diets on ruminal degradability and fungal community","volume":"13","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"13","article-title":"Heterologous expression of cysteine protease 8 from Trichomonas foetus in Pichia pastoris","volume-title":"J Vet Ani Sci","author":"Geethanjali","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2019-050","article-title":"The composition of fungal communities in the rumen of gayals (Bos frontalis), yaks (Bos grunniens), and Yunnan and Tibetan yellow cattle (Bos taurs)","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pol J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2016.21.3.221","article-title":"Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of doenjang prepared with Rhizopus, Pichia, and Bacillus","volume":"21","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Nutr Food Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2015.06.006","article-title":"Increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, stress tolerance and biocontrol efficacy of Pichia kudriavzevii with the transition from a yeast-like to biofilm morphology","volume":"90","author":"Chi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Control"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11223744","article-title":"Effects on cell membrane integrity of Pichia anomala by the accumulating excessive reactive oxygen species under ethanol stress","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.11.047","article-title":"Heterologous expression of Thrombocidin-1 in Pichia pastoris: evaluation of its antibacterial and antioxidant activity","volume":"127","author":"Yazdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006285","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1006285","article-title":"Simulated seasonal diets alter yak rumen microbiota structure and metabolic function","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1556934\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T13:46:39Z","timestamp":1741614399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1556934\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fvets.2025.1556934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2025.1556934","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-1769"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-1769","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"article-number":"1556934"}}