{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:31:50Z","timestamp":1781584310358,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Vet. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a known complication of human ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), resulting from blood\u2013brain barrier disruption and reperfusion. This report describes the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of a clinically suspected HT after ischemic CVA in a dog.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>An eight-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog presented with peracute onset of left-sided forebrain clinical signs. A brain MRI, performed within 12\u202fh from the onset of clinical signs, revealed a large area of restricted diffusion, almost undetectable in the other MRI sequences, encompassing the vascular territory of the left middle cerebral artery, suggesting a peracute ischemic CVA. In the subsequent 24\u202fh, the dog showed severe clinical deterioration, suggesting brainstem involvement. A 40-h follow-up MRI revealed an extensive area of signal void on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in the same vascular territory, with severe mass effect, indicating HT of the previous ischemic CVA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapid and severe clinical deterioration in a dog previously diagnosed with ischemic CVA should raise suspicion of HT and warrant further MRI evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1589636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:16:09Z","timestamp":1750205769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Case Report: Clinical and MRI features of hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic cerebrovascular accident in a dog"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bellomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Mattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Balducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00001.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings of presumed cerebellar cerebrovascular accident in twelve 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